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99P/Kowal 1

메타데이터

항목
Designation 99P/Kowal 1
Type P
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 2022-04-08T09:21:18.054720Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2024-08-26T13:15:15Z
Obs used 1698
NEO -
M1 6.700
K1 12.000
PC 0.030
Osculating 궤도요소
항목
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 2014-12-29.0000000
e 0.22969880
q (au) 4.725879
a (au) 6.135105
i (deg) 4.337500
Ω (om, deg) 28.179464
ω (w, deg) 174.192344
M (ma, deg) 187.644015

밝기

99P/Kowal 1 · Magnitude (Full range)

산란 + 전체 선형

$$ M_a = (3.594 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

모델 상수

항목
H0 3.594
n 6.000
gf 0.994
gb -0.500
k 1.000
δ90 10.000
파라미터 기호 범위 설명
태양·지구거리 1 AU에서의 절대등급 H0 -5 to 20 혜성의 고유 밝기
광도 기울기 파라미터 n 2 to 6 태양거리 변화에 따른 밝기 변화율
전방 산란 비대칭 계수 gf 0.8 to 1 전방 산란의 강도
후방 산란 비대칭 계수 gb -1 to -0.5 후방 산란의 강도
분할 계수 k 0.8 to 1 전·후방 산란 기여도 비율
먼지/가스 밝기 비 δ90 1 to 10 코마에서 먼지 산란 대비 가스 방출의 상대 기여

참고: EPSC-DPS2025-160

잔차 (구간 선형)

$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$

시작일 (UTC) 끝 (UTC) a b
2019-10-08 2022-04-08 +13.7752 -9.355
2022-04-08 2024-07-25 -7.7771 +5.047

log10 r = log10(태양거리/AU), Δ = 지구거리(AU)

천체력

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-02-03 00:00 21:28:33.87 -18:35:50.3 HIP 106027 4.23
2026-02-03 12:00 21:28:55.91 -18:34:02.7 HIP 106027 8.38
2026-02-04 00:00 21:29:17.94 -18:32:15.1 HIP 106027 13.55
2026-02-04 12:00 21:29:39.96 -18:30:27.4 HIP 106126 9.78
2026-02-05 00:00 21:30:01.99 -18:28:39.7 HIP 106126 8.18
2026-02-05 12:00 21:30:24.00 -18:26:51.9 HIP 106126 9.96
2026-02-06 00:00 21:30:46.02 -18:25:04.1 HIP 106126 13.87
2026-02-06 12:00 21:31:08.03 -18:23:16.3 HIP 106126 18.62
2026-02-07 00:00 21:31:30.03 -18:21:28.5 HIP 106382 22.92
2026-02-07 12:00 21:31:52.03 -18:19:40.6 HIP 106382 20.21
2026-02-08 00:00 21:32:14.01 -18:17:52.7 HIP 106382 18.77
2026-02-08 12:00 21:32:36.00 -18:16:04.8 HIP 106382 18.90
2026-02-09 00:00 21:32:57.97 -18:14:16.8 HIP 106415 20.10
2026-02-09 12:00 21:33:19.93 -18:12:28.9 HIP 106415 21.65
2026-02-10 00:00 21:33:41.88 -18:10:40.9 HIP 106470 18.76
2026-02-10 12:00 21:34:03.83 -18:08:52.9 HIP 106470 16.99
2026-02-11 00:00 21:34:25.76 -18:07:04.9 HIP 106470 16.92
2026-02-11 12:00 21:34:47.68 -18:05:17.0 HIP 106522 16.87
2026-02-12 00:00 21:35:09.58 -18:03:29.0 HIP 106522 17.13
2026-02-12 12:00 21:35:31.48 -18:01:41.0 HIP 106522 19.05
2026-02-13 00:00 21:35:53.36 -17:59:53.1 HIP 106522 22.20
2026-02-13 12:00 21:36:15.22 -17:58:05.1 HIP 106673 25.50
2026-02-14 00:00 21:36:37.07 -17:56:17.2 HIP 106673 27.47
2026-02-14 12:00 21:36:58.91 -17:54:29.3 HIP 106673 30.32
2026-02-15 00:00 21:37:20.73 -17:52:41.5 HIP 106741 33.76
2026-02-15 12:00 21:37:42.53 -17:50:53.6 HIP 106741 35.92
2026-02-16 00:00 21:38:04.31 -17:49:05.8 HIP 106805 36.57
2026-02-16 12:00 21:38:26.08 -17:47:18.1 HIP 107027 32.36
2026-02-17 00:00 21:38:47.82 -17:45:30.4 HIP 107027 26.88
2026-02-17 12:00 21:39:09.55 -17:43:42.7 HIP 107027 21.41
2026-02-18 00:00 21:39:31.25 -17:41:55.1 HIP 107027 15.94
2026-02-18 12:00 21:39:52.93 -17:40:07.5 HIP 107027 10.48
2026-02-19 00:00 21:40:14.60 -17:38:20.0 HIP 107027 5.04
2026-02-19 12:00 21:40:36.23 -17:36:32.6 HIP 107027 0.86
2026-02-20 00:00 21:40:57.85 -17:34:45.2 HIP 107027 5.96
2026-02-20 12:00 21:41:19.44 -17:32:57.9 HIP 107027 11.39
2026-02-21 00:00 21:41:41.00 -17:31:10.7 HIP 107027 16.83
2026-02-21 12:00 21:42:02.54 -17:29:23.5 HIP 107122 16.11
2026-02-22 00:00 21:42:24.06 -17:27:36.5 HIP 107122 15.56
2026-02-22 12:00 21:42:45.55 -17:25:49.5 HIP 107263 11.47
2026-02-23 00:00 21:43:07.00 -17:24:02.6 HIP 107263 6.11
2026-02-23 12:00 21:43:28.44 -17:22:15.9 HIP 107263 1.33
2026-02-24 00:00 21:43:49.84 -17:20:29.2 HIP 107263 4.98