메타데이터
| 항목 |
값 |
| Designation |
99P/Kowal 1 |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2022-04-08T09:21:18.054720Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2024-08-26T13:15:15Z |
| Obs used |
1698 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
6.700 |
| K1 |
12.000 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating 궤도요소
| 항목 |
값 |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2014-12-29.0000000 |
| e |
0.22969880 |
| q (au) |
4.725879 |
| a (au) |
6.135105 |
| i (deg) |
4.337500 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
28.179464 |
| ω (w, deg) |
174.192344 |
| M (ma, deg) |
187.644015 |
밝기
산란 + 전체 선형
$$
M_a = (3.594 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
모델 상수
| 항목 |
값 |
| H0 |
3.594 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
0.994 |
| gb |
-0.500 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| 파라미터 |
기호 |
범위 |
설명 |
| 태양·지구거리 1 AU에서의 절대등급 |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
혜성의 고유 밝기 |
| 광도 기울기 파라미터 |
n |
2 to 6 |
태양거리 변화에 따른 밝기 변화율 |
| 전방 산란 비대칭 계수 |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
전방 산란의 강도 |
| 후방 산란 비대칭 계수 |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
후방 산란의 강도 |
| 분할 계수 |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
전·후방 산란 기여도 비율 |
| 먼지/가스 밝기 비 |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
코마에서 먼지 산란 대비 가스 방출의 상대 기여 |
참고: EPSC-DPS2025-160
잔차 (구간 선형)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| 시작일 (UTC) |
끝 (UTC) |
a |
b |
| 2019-10-08 |
2022-04-08 |
+13.7752 |
-9.355 |
| 2022-04-08 |
2024-07-25 |
-7.7771 |
+5.047 |
log10 r = log10(태양거리/AU), Δ = 지구거리(AU)
천체력
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-03-26 00:00 |
22:04:00.02 |
-15:39:08.8 |
HIP 108918 |
16.03 |
| 2026-03-26 12:00 |
22:04:18.58 |
-15:37:35.4 |
HIP 108918 |
18.94 |
| 2026-03-27 00:00 |
22:04:37.07 |
-15:36:02.3 |
HIP 108918 |
22.46 |
| 2026-03-27 12:00 |
22:04:55.50 |
-15:34:29.5 |
HIP 108918 |
26.35 |
| 2026-03-28 00:00 |
22:05:13.87 |
-15:32:57.1 |
HIP 109165 |
22.67 |
| 2026-03-28 12:00 |
22:05:32.16 |
-15:31:25.1 |
HIP 109165 |
18.97 |
| 2026-03-29 00:00 |
22:05:50.39 |
-15:29:53.4 |
HIP 109165 |
15.81 |
| 2026-03-29 12:00 |
22:06:08.55 |
-15:28:22.1 |
HIP 109165 |
13.53 |
| 2026-03-30 00:00 |
22:06:26.65 |
-15:26:51.2 |
HIP 109165 |
12.61 |
| 2026-03-30 12:00 |
22:06:44.67 |
-15:25:20.6 |
HIP 109165 |
13.32 |
| 2026-03-31 00:00 |
22:07:02.63 |
-15:23:50.4 |
HIP 109165 |
15.42 |
| 2026-03-31 12:00 |
22:07:20.51 |
-15:22:20.5 |
HIP 109165 |
18.43 |
| 2026-04-01 00:00 |
22:07:38.33 |
-15:20:51.1 |
HIP 109165 |
21.97 |
| 2026-04-01 12:00 |
22:07:56.07 |
-15:19:22.0 |
HIP 109165 |
25.80 |
| 2026-04-02 00:00 |
22:08:13.75 |
-15:17:53.4 |
HIP 109165 |
29.82 |
| 2026-04-02 12:00 |
22:08:31.35 |
-15:16:25.1 |
HIP 109430 |
29.44 |
| 2026-04-03 00:00 |
22:08:48.88 |
-15:14:57.2 |
HIP 109430 |
25.14 |
| 2026-04-03 12:00 |
22:09:06.33 |
-15:13:29.7 |
HIP 109430 |
20.92 |
| 2026-04-04 00:00 |
22:09:23.72 |
-15:12:02.7 |
HIP 109430 |
16.85 |
| 2026-04-04 12:00 |
22:09:41.03 |
-15:10:36.0 |
HIP 109430 |
13.03 |
| 2026-04-05 00:00 |
22:09:58.26 |
-15:09:09.7 |
HIP 109430 |
9.75 |
| 2026-04-05 12:00 |
22:10:15.42 |
-15:07:43.9 |
HIP 109430 |
7.69 |
| 2026-04-06 00:00 |
22:10:32.50 |
-15:06:18.5 |
HIP 109430 |
7.84 |
| 2026-04-06 12:00 |
22:10:49.51 |
-15:04:53.5 |
HIP 109430 |
10.09 |
| 2026-04-07 00:00 |
22:11:06.44 |
-15:03:28.9 |
HIP 109430 |
13.39 |
| 2026-04-07 12:00 |
22:11:23.30 |
-15:02:04.8 |
HIP 109430 |
17.14 |
| 2026-04-08 00:00 |
22:11:40.07 |
-15:00:41.1 |
HIP 109430 |
21.08 |
| 2026-04-08 12:00 |
22:11:56.77 |
-14:59:17.9 |
HIP 109430 |
25.12 |
| 2026-04-09 00:00 |
22:12:13.39 |
-14:57:55.1 |
HIP 109751 |
24.41 |
| 2026-04-09 12:00 |
22:12:29.92 |
-14:56:32.7 |
HIP 109751 |
20.21 |
| 2026-04-10 00:00 |
22:12:46.38 |
-14:55:10.8 |
HIP 109751 |
16.04 |
| 2026-04-10 12:00 |
22:13:02.76 |
-14:53:49.4 |
HIP 109751 |
11.91 |
| 2026-04-11 00:00 |
22:13:19.05 |
-14:52:28.4 |
HIP 109751 |
7.87 |
| 2026-04-11 12:00 |
22:13:35.26 |
-14:51:07.9 |
HIP 109751 |
4.08 |
| 2026-04-12 00:00 |
22:13:51.39 |
-14:49:47.9 |
HIP 109751 |
2.38 |
| 2026-04-12 12:00 |
22:14:07.44 |
-14:48:28.3 |
HIP 109751 |
5.33 |
| 2026-04-13 00:00 |
22:14:23.40 |
-14:47:09.3 |
HIP 109751 |
9.18 |
| 2026-04-13 12:00 |
22:14:39.28 |
-14:45:50.7 |
HIP 109751 |
13.15 |
| 2026-04-14 00:00 |
22:14:55.07 |
-14:44:32.6 |
HIP 109751 |
17.14 |
| 2026-04-14 12:00 |
22:15:10.78 |
-14:43:15.0 |
HIP 109943 |
20.93 |
| 2026-04-15 00:00 |
22:15:26.39 |
-14:41:57.9 |
HIP 109943 |
17.85 |
| 2026-04-15 12:00 |
22:15:41.93 |
-14:40:41.3 |
HIP 109943 |
15.22 |
| 2026-04-16 00:00 |
22:15:57.37 |
-14:39:25.3 |
HIP 109943 |
13.29 |