104P/Kowal 2

메타데이터

항목
Designation 104P/Kowal 2
Type P
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 2022-01-11T14:49:09.753600Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2023-04-05T03:16:58Z
Obs used 1551
NEO Yes
M1 14.600
K1 12.750
PC 0.030
Osculating 궤도요소
항목
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 2021-09-29.0000000
e 0.66545272
q (au) 1.073098
a (au) 3.207614
i (deg) 5.701090
Ω (om, deg) 207.213526
ω (w, deg) 227.245888
M (ma, deg) 342.051208

밝기

104P/Kowal 2 · Magnitude (Full range)

산란 + 전체 선형

$$ M_a = (13.882 + 3.137\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

모델 상수

항목
H0 13.882
n 3.137
gf 1.000
gb -0.500
k 1.000
δ90 10.000
파라미터 기호 범위 설명
태양·지구거리 1 AU에서의 절대등급 H0 -5 to 20 혜성의 고유 밝기
광도 기울기 파라미터 n 2 to 6 태양거리 변화에 따른 밝기 변화율
전방 산란 비대칭 계수 gf 0.8 to 1 전방 산란의 강도
후방 산란 비대칭 계수 gb -1 to -0.5 후방 산란의 강도
분할 계수 k 0.8 to 1 전·후방 산란 기여도 비율
먼지/가스 밝기 비 δ90 1 to 10 코마에서 먼지 산란 대비 가스 방출의 상대 기여

참고: EPSC-DPS2025-160

잔차 (구간 선형)

$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$

시작일 (UTC) 끝 (UTC) a b
2021-08-11 2021-11-29 +3.2064 +1.741
2021-11-29 2022-01-11 +71.5132 -3.914
2022-01-11 2022-07-20 -2.8823 -1.387

log10 r = log10(태양거리/AU), Δ = 지구거리(AU)

천체력

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-03-26 00:00 19:30:22.33 -16:32:11.4 HIP 96008 15.29
2026-03-26 12:00 19:30:38.50 -16:31:01.1 HIP 96008 11.46
2026-03-27 00:00 19:30:54.53 -16:29:50.8 HIP 96008 7.87
2026-03-27 12:00 19:31:10.39 -16:28:40.6 HIP 96008 5.00
2026-03-28 00:00 19:31:26.11 -16:27:30.5 HIP 96008 4.42
2026-03-28 12:00 19:31:41.66 -16:26:20.4 HIP 96008 6.69
2026-03-29 00:00 19:31:57.06 -16:25:10.3 HIP 96008 9.99
2026-03-29 12:00 19:32:12.31 -16:24:00.3 HIP 96008 13.56
2026-03-30 00:00 19:32:27.39 -16:22:50.4 HIP 96008 17.20
2026-03-30 12:00 19:32:42.31 -16:21:40.6 HIP 96176 17.49
2026-03-31 00:00 19:32:57.07 -16:20:30.9 HIP 96217 15.12
2026-03-31 12:00 19:33:11.67 -16:19:21.2 HIP 96217 11.44
2026-04-01 00:00 19:33:26.11 -16:18:11.6 HIP 96217 7.79
2026-04-01 12:00 19:33:40.38 -16:17:02.2 HIP 96217 4.21
2026-04-02 00:00 19:33:54.49 -16:15:52.8 HIP 96217 0.96
2026-04-02 12:00 19:34:08.43 -16:14:43.5 HIP 96217 3.08
2026-04-03 00:00 19:34:22.20 -16:13:34.4 HIP 96248 5.65
2026-04-03 12:00 19:34:35.80 -16:12:25.4 HIP 96248 8.19
2026-04-04 00:00 19:34:49.24 -16:11:16.5 HIP 96248 11.21
2026-04-04 12:00 19:35:02.50 -16:10:07.7 HIP 96248 14.37
2026-04-05 00:00 19:35:15.59 -16:08:59.1 HIP 96248 17.58
2026-04-05 12:00 19:35:28.51 -16:07:50.6 HIP 96248 20.80
2026-04-06 00:00 19:35:41.25 -16:06:42.2 HIP 96248 24.00
2026-04-06 12:00 19:35:53.82 -16:05:34.0 HIP 96510 25.08
2026-04-07 00:00 19:36:06.21 -16:04:26.0 HIP 96510 23.77
2026-04-07 12:00 19:36:18.42 -16:03:18.2 HIP 96510 22.84
2026-04-08 00:00 19:36:30.45 -16:02:10.5 HIP 96510 22.34
2026-04-08 12:00 19:36:42.30 -16:01:03.0 HIP 96510 22.27
2026-04-09 00:00 19:36:53.97 -15:59:55.6 HIP 96510 22.63
2026-04-09 12:00 19:37:05.46 -15:58:48.5 HIP 96510 23.37
2026-04-10 00:00 19:37:16.76 -15:57:41.6 HIP 96510 24.45
2026-04-10 12:00 19:37:27.88 -15:56:34.8 HIP 96510 25.81
2026-04-11 00:00 19:37:38.81 -15:55:28.3 HIP 96510 27.40
2026-04-11 12:00 19:37:49.55 -15:54:22.0 HIP 96510 29.16
2026-04-12 00:00 19:38:00.10 -15:53:15.9 HIP 96510 31.05
2026-04-12 12:00 19:38:10.46 -15:52:10.1 HIP 96782 31.63
2026-04-13 00:00 19:38:20.63 -15:51:04.5 HIP 96782 29.09
2026-04-13 12:00 19:38:30.60 -15:49:59.1 HIP 96782 26.62
2026-04-14 00:00 19:38:40.38 -15:48:54.0 HIP 96782 24.23
2026-04-14 12:00 19:38:49.96 -15:47:49.1 HIP 96782 21.94
2026-04-15 00:00 19:38:59.35 -15:46:44.5 HIP 96782 19.75
2026-04-15 12:00 19:39:08.54 -15:45:40.2 HIP 96782 17.70
2026-04-16 00:00 19:39:17.53 -15:44:36.2 HIP 96782 15.80