| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
70P/Kojima |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2014-10-20T16:00:34.519680Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2026-05-06T05:40:47Z |
| Obs used |
2097 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
12.500 |
| K1 |
11.000 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2015-05-14.0000000 |
| e |
0.45391285 |
| q (au) |
2.006566 |
| a (au) |
3.674443 |
| i (deg) |
6.600119 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
119.270141 |
| ω (w, deg) |
1.953402 |
| M (ma, deg) |
28.732632 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (11.329 + 5.287\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
11.329 |
| n |
5.287 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.745 |
| k |
0.994 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Residuals (Piecewise)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| Start (UTC) |
End (UTC) |
a |
b |
| 2020-09-09 |
2021-09-27 |
-4.6159 |
+1.433 |
| 2021-09-27 |
2022-06-17 |
+13.1079 |
-6.435 |
log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-05-12 00:00 |
22:28:55.80 |
-12:20:00.0 |
HIP 110902 |
29.00 |
| 2026-05-12 12:00 |
22:29:09.32 |
-12:19:09.9 |
HIP 110902 |
29.75 |
| 2026-05-13 00:00 |
22:29:22.71 |
-12:18:20.6 |
HIP 110902 |
30.85 |
| 2026-05-13 12:00 |
22:29:35.96 |
-12:17:32.3 |
HIP 110902 |
32.25 |
| 2026-05-14 00:00 |
22:29:49.08 |
-12:16:44.7 |
HIP 111044 |
33.90 |
| 2026-05-14 12:00 |
22:30:02.06 |
-12:15:58.1 |
HIP 111044 |
33.36 |
| 2026-05-15 00:00 |
22:30:14.91 |
-12:15:12.3 |
HIP 111044 |
33.13 |
| 2026-05-15 12:00 |
22:30:27.61 |
-12:14:27.5 |
HIP 111044 |
33.23 |
| 2026-05-16 00:00 |
22:30:40.18 |
-12:13:43.5 |
HIP 111044 |
33.63 |
| 2026-05-16 12:00 |
22:30:52.60 |
-12:13:00.4 |
HIP 111044 |
34.32 |
| 2026-05-17 00:00 |
22:31:04.88 |
-12:12:18.2 |
HIP 111044 |
35.26 |
| 2026-05-17 12:00 |
22:31:17.03 |
-12:11:37.0 |
HIP 111044 |
36.43 |
| 2026-05-18 00:00 |
22:31:29.02 |
-12:10:56.6 |
HIP 111376 |
36.25 |
| 2026-05-18 12:00 |
22:31:40.88 |
-12:10:17.2 |
HIP 111376 |
33.79 |
| 2026-05-19 00:00 |
22:31:52.59 |
-12:09:38.7 |
HIP 111376 |
31.45 |
| 2026-05-19 12:00 |
22:32:04.15 |
-12:09:01.1 |
HIP 111376 |
29.23 |
| 2026-05-20 00:00 |
22:32:15.57 |
-12:08:24.5 |
HIP 111396 |
26.67 |
| 2026-05-20 12:00 |
22:32:26.84 |
-12:07:48.8 |
HIP 111396 |
23.95 |
| 2026-05-21 00:00 |
22:32:37.96 |
-12:07:14.1 |
HIP 111396 |
21.29 |
| 2026-05-21 12:00 |
22:32:48.94 |
-12:06:40.4 |
HIP 111396 |
18.70 |
| 2026-05-22 00:00 |
22:32:59.76 |
-12:06:07.5 |
HIP 111396 |
16.20 |
| 2026-05-22 12:00 |
22:33:10.44 |
-12:05:35.7 |
HIP 111396 |
13.80 |
| 2026-05-23 00:00 |
22:33:20.97 |
-12:05:04.8 |
HIP 111396 |
11.54 |
| 2026-05-23 12:00 |
22:33:31.34 |
-12:04:34.9 |
HIP 111396 |
9.50 |
| 2026-05-24 00:00 |
22:33:41.56 |
-12:04:06.0 |
HIP 111396 |
7.80 |
| 2026-05-24 12:00 |
22:33:51.63 |
-12:03:38.0 |
HIP 111396 |
6.66 |
| 2026-05-25 00:00 |
22:34:01.55 |
-12:03:11.1 |
HIP 111396 |
6.35 |
| 2026-05-25 12:00 |
22:34:11.31 |
-12:02:45.1 |
HIP 111396 |
6.94 |
| 2026-05-26 00:00 |
22:34:20.92 |
-12:02:20.1 |
HIP 111396 |
8.20 |
| 2026-05-26 12:00 |
22:34:30.37 |
-12:01:56.1 |
HIP 111396 |
9.84 |
| 2026-05-27 00:00 |
22:34:39.67 |
-12:01:33.2 |
HIP 111396 |
11.69 |
| 2026-05-27 12:00 |
22:34:48.81 |
-12:01:11.2 |
HIP 111396 |
13.63 |
| 2026-05-28 00:00 |
22:34:57.79 |
-12:00:50.3 |
HIP 111396 |
15.62 |
| 2026-05-28 12:00 |
22:35:06.61 |
-12:00:30.3 |
HIP 111396 |
17.63 |
| 2026-05-29 00:00 |
22:35:15.28 |
-12:00:11.4 |
HIP 111396 |
19.63 |
| 2026-05-29 12:00 |
22:35:23.78 |
-11:59:53.6 |
HIP 111396 |
21.61 |
| 2026-05-30 00:00 |
22:35:32.13 |
-11:59:36.7 |
HIP 111396 |
23.57 |
| 2026-05-30 12:00 |
22:35:40.31 |
-11:59:20.9 |
HIP 111396 |
25.51 |
| 2026-05-31 00:00 |
22:35:48.33 |
-11:59:06.2 |
HIP 111652 |
24.42 |
| 2026-05-31 12:00 |
22:35:56.19 |
-11:58:52.5 |
HIP 111652 |
22.80 |
| 2026-06-01 00:00 |
22:36:03.88 |
-11:58:39.8 |
HIP 111652 |
21.27 |
| 2026-06-01 12:00 |
22:36:11.41 |
-11:58:28.2 |
HIP 111652 |
19.84 |
| 2026-06-02 00:00 |
22:36:18.77 |
-11:58:17.7 |
HIP 111652 |
18.53 |