70P/Kojima
| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
70P/Kojima |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2014-10-20T16:14:46.682880Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2023-11-14T12:32:43Z |
| Obs used |
2086 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
12.200 |
| K1 |
11.750 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2015-04-23.0000000 |
| e |
0.45393951 |
| q (au) |
2.006589 |
| a (au) |
3.674664 |
| i (deg) |
6.600131 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
119.270467 |
| ω (w, deg) |
1.956504 |
| M (ma, deg) |
25.790353 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (11.329 + 5.287\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
11.329 |
| n |
5.287 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.745 |
| k |
0.994 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Residuals (Piecewise)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| Start (UTC) |
End (UTC) |
a |
b |
| 2020-09-09 |
2021-09-27 |
-4.6159 |
+1.433 |
| 2021-09-27 |
2022-06-17 |
+13.1079 |
-6.435 |
log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-02-03 00:00 |
21:17:21.93 |
-17:32:29.5 |
HIP 105168 |
13.66 |
| 2026-02-03 12:00 |
21:17:47.84 |
-17:30:42.4 |
HIP 105168 |
7.26 |
| 2026-02-04 00:00 |
21:18:13.74 |
-17:28:55.2 |
HIP 105168 |
1.27 |
| 2026-02-04 12:00 |
21:18:39.65 |
-17:27:07.8 |
HIP 105168 |
5.76 |
| 2026-02-05 00:00 |
21:19:05.55 |
-17:25:20.2 |
HIP 105168 |
12.14 |
| 2026-02-05 12:00 |
21:19:31.46 |
-17:23:32.5 |
HIP 105168 |
18.57 |
| 2026-02-06 00:00 |
21:19:57.36 |
-17:21:44.6 |
HIP 105168 |
25.00 |
| 2026-02-06 12:00 |
21:20:23.27 |
-17:19:56.5 |
HIP 105168 |
31.43 |
| 2026-02-07 00:00 |
21:20:49.17 |
-17:18:08.3 |
HIP 105546 |
28.36 |
| 2026-02-07 12:00 |
21:21:15.07 |
-17:16:19.9 |
HIP 105546 |
24.07 |
| 2026-02-08 00:00 |
21:21:40.97 |
-17:14:31.3 |
HIP 105546 |
20.92 |
| 2026-02-08 12:00 |
21:22:06.86 |
-17:12:42.7 |
HIP 105546 |
19.46 |
| 2026-02-09 00:00 |
21:22:32.75 |
-17:10:53.8 |
HIP 105546 |
20.07 |
| 2026-02-09 12:00 |
21:22:58.63 |
-17:09:04.9 |
HIP 105515 |
21.71 |
| 2026-02-10 00:00 |
21:23:24.51 |
-17:07:15.8 |
HIP 105515 |
23.95 |
| 2026-02-10 12:00 |
21:23:50.38 |
-17:05:26.6 |
HIP 105515 |
27.55 |
| 2026-02-11 00:00 |
21:24:16.24 |
-17:03:37.2 |
HIP 105515 |
32.05 |
| 2026-02-11 12:00 |
21:24:42.10 |
-17:01:47.7 |
HIP 105892 |
32.72 |
| 2026-02-12 00:00 |
21:25:07.94 |
-16:59:58.1 |
HIP 105892 |
28.32 |
| 2026-02-12 12:00 |
21:25:33.78 |
-16:58:08.4 |
HIP 105892 |
24.83 |
| 2026-02-13 00:00 |
21:25:59.61 |
-16:56:18.6 |
HIP 105892 |
22.67 |
| 2026-02-13 12:00 |
21:26:25.42 |
-16:54:28.6 |
HIP 105892 |
22.23 |
| 2026-02-14 00:00 |
21:26:51.23 |
-16:52:38.6 |
HIP 105892 |
23.61 |
| 2026-02-14 12:00 |
21:27:17.02 |
-16:50:48.5 |
HIP 105917 |
24.94 |
| 2026-02-15 00:00 |
21:27:42.80 |
-16:48:58.2 |
HIP 105917 |
24.62 |
| 2026-02-15 12:00 |
21:28:08.57 |
-16:47:07.9 |
HIP 105917 |
25.95 |
| 2026-02-16 00:00 |
21:28:34.32 |
-16:45:17.5 |
HIP 106154 |
22.41 |
| 2026-02-16 12:00 |
21:29:00.06 |
-16:43:27.0 |
HIP 106154 |
16.11 |
| 2026-02-17 00:00 |
21:29:25.78 |
-16:41:36.5 |
HIP 106154 |
9.98 |
| 2026-02-17 12:00 |
21:29:51.48 |
-16:39:45.9 |
HIP 106154 |
4.71 |
| 2026-02-18 00:00 |
21:30:17.17 |
-16:37:55.2 |
HIP 106154 |
5.24 |
| 2026-02-18 12:00 |
21:30:42.84 |
-16:36:04.4 |
HIP 106154 |
10.73 |
| 2026-02-19 00:00 |
21:31:08.49 |
-16:34:13.6 |
HIP 106154 |
16.89 |
| 2026-02-19 12:00 |
21:31:34.12 |
-16:32:22.8 |
HIP 106165 |
23.18 |
| 2026-02-20 00:00 |
21:31:59.73 |
-16:30:31.8 |
HIP 106165 |
27.43 |
| 2026-02-20 12:00 |
21:32:25.31 |
-16:28:40.9 |
HIP 106456 |
24.49 |
| 2026-02-21 00:00 |
21:32:50.88 |
-16:26:49.9 |
HIP 106456 |
18.94 |
| 2026-02-21 12:00 |
21:33:16.42 |
-16:24:58.9 |
HIP 106456 |
14.14 |
| 2026-02-22 00:00 |
21:33:41.95 |
-16:23:07.9 |
HIP 106456 |
11.10 |
| 2026-02-22 12:00 |
21:34:07.44 |
-16:21:16.8 |
HIP 106456 |
11.31 |
| 2026-02-23 00:00 |
21:34:32.91 |
-16:19:25.7 |
HIP 106456 |
14.64 |
| 2026-02-23 12:00 |
21:34:58.36 |
-16:17:34.7 |
HIP 106456 |
19.55 |
| 2026-02-24 00:00 |
21:35:23.78 |
-16:15:43.6 |
HIP 106621 |
24.15 |