441P/PANSTARRS
| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
441P/PANSTARRS |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2025-09-07T17:20:30.799680Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2025-11-13T12:12:49Z |
| Obs used |
204 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
15.600 |
| K1 |
4.500 |
| PC |
- |
| Discovery observation (MPC, UTC) |
2022-01-25T12:16:34.464000Z |
| Discovery magnitude (MPC) |
22.11 G |
| Discovery observatory (MPC) |
G96 · Mt. Lemmon Survey |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2022-01-23.0000000 |
| e |
0.19560717 |
| q (au) |
3.326113 |
| a (au) |
4.134936 |
| i (deg) |
2.574094 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
143.611657 |
| ω (w, deg) |
178.713774 |
| M (ma, deg) |
204.833512 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (16.395 + 2.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
16.395 |
| n |
2.000 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.786 |
| k |
0.966 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Finding Chart
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-02-03 00:00 |
22:49:42.33 |
-08:22:56.4 |
HIP 112604 |
25.54 |
| 2026-02-03 12:00 |
22:50:21.49 |
-08:19:06.5 |
HIP 112899 |
25.38 |
| 2026-02-04 00:00 |
22:51:00.67 |
-08:15:16.2 |
HIP 112899 |
21.42 |
| 2026-02-04 12:00 |
22:51:39.87 |
-08:11:25.4 |
HIP 112899 |
22.16 |
| 2026-02-05 00:00 |
22:52:19.10 |
-08:07:34.3 |
HIP 112899 |
27.22 |
| 2026-02-05 12:00 |
22:52:58.34 |
-08:03:42.7 |
HIP 113122 |
28.48 |
| 2026-02-06 00:00 |
22:53:37.60 |
-07:59:50.8 |
HIP 113153 |
23.73 |
| 2026-02-06 12:00 |
22:54:16.88 |
-07:55:58.5 |
HIP 113153 |
21.23 |
| 2026-02-07 00:00 |
22:54:56.18 |
-07:52:05.8 |
HIP 113231 |
13.52 |
| 2026-02-07 12:00 |
22:55:35.50 |
-07:48:12.7 |
HIP 113231 |
3.69 |
| 2026-02-08 00:00 |
22:56:14.83 |
-07:44:19.3 |
HIP 113231 |
8.01 |
| 2026-02-08 12:00 |
22:56:54.19 |
-07:40:25.4 |
HIP 113231 |
18.31 |
| 2026-02-09 00:00 |
22:57:33.56 |
-07:36:31.3 |
HIP 113231 |
28.76 |
| 2026-02-09 12:00 |
22:58:12.94 |
-07:32:36.7 |
HIP 113231 |
39.25 |
| 2026-02-10 00:00 |
22:58:52.34 |
-07:28:41.9 |
HIP 113488 |
44.14 |
| 2026-02-10 12:00 |
22:59:31.76 |
-07:24:46.6 |
HIP 113674 |
34.87 |
| 2026-02-11 00:00 |
23:00:11.19 |
-07:20:51.1 |
HIP 113674 |
24.86 |
| 2026-02-11 12:00 |
23:00:50.64 |
-07:16:55.2 |
HIP 113674 |
15.58 |
| 2026-02-12 00:00 |
23:01:30.10 |
-07:12:58.9 |
HIP 113674 |
9.45 |
| 2026-02-12 12:00 |
23:02:09.57 |
-07:09:02.4 |
HIP 113674 |
12.59 |
| 2026-02-13 00:00 |
23:02:49.06 |
-07:05:05.5 |
HIP 113709 |
17.36 |
| 2026-02-13 12:00 |
23:03:28.56 |
-07:01:08.3 |
HIP 113936 |
23.92 |
| 2026-02-14 00:00 |
23:04:08.07 |
-06:57:10.8 |
HIP 113936 |
16.22 |
| 2026-02-14 12:00 |
23:04:47.59 |
-06:53:13.0 |
HIP 113936 |
13.34 |
| 2026-02-15 00:00 |
23:05:27.12 |
-06:49:15.0 |
HIP 114007 |
9.30 |
| 2026-02-15 12:00 |
23:06:06.67 |
-06:45:16.6 |
HIP 114007 |
12.63 |
| 2026-02-16 00:00 |
23:06:46.22 |
-06:41:17.9 |
HIP 114007 |
21.38 |
| 2026-02-16 12:00 |
23:07:25.78 |
-06:37:19.0 |
HIP 114007 |
31.30 |
| 2026-02-17 00:00 |
23:08:05.35 |
-06:33:19.8 |
HIP 114370 |
41.11 |
| 2026-02-17 12:00 |
23:08:44.93 |
-06:29:20.3 |
HIP 114370 |
39.42 |
| 2026-02-18 00:00 |
23:09:24.52 |
-06:25:20.6 |
HIP 114445 |
33.42 |
| 2026-02-18 12:00 |
23:10:04.12 |
-06:21:20.6 |
HIP 114445 |
25.31 |
| 2026-02-19 00:00 |
23:10:43.72 |
-06:17:20.4 |
HIP 114445 |
19.75 |
| 2026-02-19 12:00 |
23:11:23.32 |
-06:13:19.9 |
HIP 114445 |
19.11 |
| 2026-02-20 00:00 |
23:12:02.93 |
-06:09:19.2 |
HIP 114445 |
23.79 |
| 2026-02-20 12:00 |
23:12:42.55 |
-06:05:18.3 |
HIP 114724 |
24.18 |
| 2026-02-21 00:00 |
23:13:22.17 |
-06:01:17.2 |
HIP 114724 |
14.30 |
| 2026-02-21 12:00 |
23:14:01.80 |
-05:57:15.9 |
HIP 114724 |
7.13 |
| 2026-02-22 00:00 |
23:14:41.42 |
-05:53:14.3 |
HIP 114724 |
11.12 |
| 2026-02-22 12:00 |
23:15:21.05 |
-05:49:12.6 |
HIP 114795 |
18.21 |
| 2026-02-23 00:00 |
23:16:00.69 |
-05:45:10.6 |
HIP 114960 |
19.94 |
| 2026-02-23 12:00 |
23:16:40.32 |
-05:41:08.5 |
HIP 114960 |
10.06 |
| 2026-02-24 00:00 |
23:17:19.96 |
-05:37:06.2 |
HIP 114960 |
5.64 |