| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
428P/Gibbs |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2014-11-14T13:43:38.052480Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2023-05-03T22:44:57Z |
| Obs used |
130 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
11.700 |
| K1 |
22.750 |
| PC |
0.030 |
| Discovery observation (MPC, UTC) |
2021-08-16T03:08:49.632000Z |
| Discovery magnitude (MPC) |
20.00 T |
| Discovery observatory (MPC) |
Z84 · Calar Alto-Schmidt |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2017-07-29.0000000 |
| e |
0.51895674 |
| q (au) |
1.675591 |
| a (au) |
3.483245 |
| i (deg) |
8.514132 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
299.322409 |
| ω (w, deg) |
36.937480 |
| M (ma, deg) |
149.704035 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (14.349 + 5.458\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
14.349 |
| n |
5.458 |
| gf |
0.999 |
| gb |
-0.874 |
| k |
0.999 |
| δ90 |
9.999 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-05-12 00:00 |
12:14:27.66 |
-12:49:35.1 |
HIP 59688 |
11.25 |
| 2026-05-12 12:00 |
12:14:15.99 |
-12:47:28.4 |
HIP 59688 |
13.57 |
| 2026-05-13 00:00 |
12:14:04.54 |
-12:45:22.7 |
HIP 59688 |
16.31 |
| 2026-05-13 12:00 |
12:13:53.32 |
-12:43:17.8 |
HIP 59569 |
14.39 |
| 2026-05-14 00:00 |
12:13:42.34 |
-12:41:13.9 |
HIP 59569 |
12.72 |
| 2026-05-14 12:00 |
12:13:31.58 |
-12:39:10.9 |
HIP 59569 |
11.83 |
| 2026-05-15 00:00 |
12:13:21.06 |
-12:37:08.9 |
HIP 59569 |
11.86 |
| 2026-05-15 12:00 |
12:13:10.78 |
-12:35:07.9 |
HIP 59569 |
12.76 |
| 2026-05-16 00:00 |
12:13:00.73 |
-12:33:07.9 |
HIP 59569 |
14.33 |
| 2026-05-16 12:00 |
12:12:50.91 |
-12:31:08.9 |
HIP 59569 |
16.34 |
| 2026-05-17 00:00 |
12:12:41.34 |
-12:29:11.0 |
HIP 59569 |
18.63 |
| 2026-05-17 12:00 |
12:12:32.00 |
-12:27:14.1 |
HIP 59569 |
21.08 |
| 2026-05-18 00:00 |
12:12:22.91 |
-12:25:18.4 |
HIP 59569 |
23.62 |
| 2026-05-18 12:00 |
12:12:14.05 |
-12:23:23.7 |
HIP 59410 |
22.83 |
| 2026-05-19 00:00 |
12:12:05.44 |
-12:21:30.2 |
HIP 59410 |
20.03 |
| 2026-05-19 12:00 |
12:11:57.07 |
-12:19:37.7 |
HIP 59410 |
17.30 |
| 2026-05-20 00:00 |
12:11:48.94 |
-12:17:46.5 |
HIP 59410 |
14.63 |
| 2026-05-20 12:00 |
12:11:41.05 |
-12:15:56.4 |
HIP 59410 |
12.03 |
| 2026-05-21 00:00 |
12:11:33.41 |
-12:14:07.5 |
HIP 59410 |
9.51 |
| 2026-05-21 12:00 |
12:11:26.02 |
-12:12:19.8 |
HIP 59410 |
7.10 |
| 2026-05-22 00:00 |
12:11:18.87 |
-12:10:33.3 |
HIP 59410 |
4.85 |
| 2026-05-22 12:00 |
12:11:11.96 |
-12:08:48.0 |
HIP 59410 |
3.03 |
| 2026-05-23 00:00 |
12:11:05.30 |
-12:07:04.0 |
HIP 59410 |
2.54 |
| 2026-05-23 12:00 |
12:10:58.89 |
-12:05:21.2 |
HIP 59410 |
3.82 |
| 2026-05-24 00:00 |
12:10:52.72 |
-12:03:39.7 |
HIP 59410 |
5.72 |
| 2026-05-24 12:00 |
12:10:46.79 |
-12:01:59.4 |
HIP 59410 |
7.76 |
| 2026-05-25 00:00 |
12:10:41.12 |
-12:00:20.4 |
HIP 59410 |
9.81 |
| 2026-05-25 12:00 |
12:10:35.69 |
-11:58:42.8 |
HIP 59410 |
11.84 |
| 2026-05-26 00:00 |
12:10:30.50 |
-11:57:06.4 |
HIP 59410 |
13.83 |
| 2026-05-26 12:00 |
12:10:25.56 |
-11:55:31.3 |
HIP 59272 |
14.59 |
| 2026-05-27 00:00 |
12:10:20.87 |
-11:53:57.6 |
HIP 59272 |
13.10 |
| 2026-05-27 12:00 |
12:10:16.42 |
-11:52:25.2 |
HIP 59272 |
11.81 |
| 2026-05-28 00:00 |
12:10:12.22 |
-11:50:54.1 |
HIP 59272 |
10.75 |
| 2026-05-28 12:00 |
12:10:08.26 |
-11:49:24.4 |
HIP 59272 |
9.97 |
| 2026-05-29 00:00 |
12:10:04.55 |
-11:47:56.0 |
HIP 59272 |
9.51 |
| 2026-05-29 12:00 |
12:10:01.09 |
-11:46:29.0 |
HIP 59272 |
9.40 |
| 2026-05-30 00:00 |
12:09:57.87 |
-11:45:03.4 |
HIP 59272 |
9.61 |
| 2026-05-30 12:00 |
12:09:54.90 |
-11:43:39.2 |
HIP 59272 |
10.11 |
| 2026-05-31 00:00 |
12:09:52.17 |
-11:42:16.3 |
HIP 59272 |
10.83 |
| 2026-05-31 12:00 |
12:09:49.68 |
-11:40:54.9 |
HIP 59272 |
11.71 |
| 2026-06-01 00:00 |
12:09:47.44 |
-11:39:34.8 |
HIP 59272 |
12.71 |
| 2026-06-01 12:00 |
12:09:45.45 |
-11:38:16.2 |
HIP 59272 |
13.78 |
| 2026-06-02 00:00 |
12:09:43.70 |
-11:36:59.0 |
HIP 59272 |
14.90 |