| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
P/2023 X3 (PANSTARRS) |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2024-04-21T16:49:11.565120Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2023-12-21T03:13:40Z |
| Obs used |
56 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
14.600 |
| K1 |
10.000 |
| PC |
- |
| Discovery observation (MPC, UTC) |
2023-12-07T08:24:53.740800Z |
| Discovery magnitude (MPC) |
21.15 w |
| Discovery observatory (MPC) |
F52 · Pan-STARRS 2, Haleakala |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2023-12-01.0000000 |
| e |
0.28714596 |
| q (au) |
3.030219 |
| a (au) |
4.250827 |
| i (deg) |
4.483381 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
62.013419 |
| ω (w, deg) |
40.768411 |
| M (ma, deg) |
343.952019 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (14.202 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
14.202 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.651 |
| k |
0.800 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-03-26 00:00 |
14:44:47.64 |
-13:16:40.6 |
HIP 72084 |
33.90 |
| 2026-03-26 12:00 |
14:44:35.87 |
-13:15:50.7 |
HIP 72084 |
34.82 |
| 2026-03-27 00:00 |
14:44:23.90 |
-13:15:00.0 |
HIP 72084 |
35.98 |
| 2026-03-27 12:00 |
14:44:11.74 |
-13:14:08.6 |
HIP 72084 |
37.38 |
| 2026-03-28 00:00 |
14:43:59.39 |
-13:13:16.4 |
HIP 72084 |
39.00 |
| 2026-03-28 12:00 |
14:43:46.85 |
-13:12:23.5 |
HIP 72084 |
40.82 |
| 2026-03-29 00:00 |
14:43:34.12 |
-13:11:29.9 |
HIP 71823 |
41.01 |
| 2026-03-29 12:00 |
14:43:21.21 |
-13:10:35.5 |
HIP 71823 |
38.13 |
| 2026-03-30 00:00 |
14:43:08.12 |
-13:09:40.4 |
HIP 71823 |
35.29 |
| 2026-03-30 12:00 |
14:42:54.85 |
-13:08:44.7 |
HIP 71823 |
32.51 |
| 2026-03-31 00:00 |
14:42:41.40 |
-13:07:48.2 |
HIP 71823 |
29.81 |
| 2026-03-31 12:00 |
14:42:27.77 |
-13:06:51.0 |
HIP 71823 |
27.23 |
| 2026-04-01 00:00 |
14:42:13.98 |
-13:05:53.2 |
HIP 71823 |
24.85 |
| 2026-04-01 12:00 |
14:42:00.01 |
-13:04:54.7 |
HIP 71823 |
22.73 |
| 2026-04-02 00:00 |
14:41:45.87 |
-13:03:55.5 |
HIP 71823 |
20.98 |
| 2026-04-02 12:00 |
14:41:31.57 |
-13:02:55.7 |
HIP 71823 |
19.72 |
| 2026-04-03 00:00 |
14:41:17.10 |
-13:01:55.3 |
HIP 71823 |
19.07 |
| 2026-04-03 12:00 |
14:41:02.47 |
-13:00:54.2 |
HIP 71823 |
19.12 |
| 2026-04-04 00:00 |
14:40:47.68 |
-12:59:52.5 |
HIP 71823 |
19.89 |
| 2026-04-04 12:00 |
14:40:32.74 |
-12:58:50.2 |
HIP 71823 |
21.32 |
| 2026-04-05 00:00 |
14:40:17.64 |
-12:57:47.3 |
HIP 71823 |
23.31 |
| 2026-04-05 12:00 |
14:40:02.40 |
-12:56:43.8 |
HIP 71823 |
25.74 |
| 2026-04-06 00:00 |
14:39:47.00 |
-12:55:39.8 |
HIP 71559 |
24.36 |
| 2026-04-06 12:00 |
14:39:31.46 |
-12:54:35.1 |
HIP 71559 |
20.55 |
| 2026-04-07 00:00 |
14:39:15.77 |
-12:53:30.0 |
HIP 71559 |
16.77 |
| 2026-04-07 12:00 |
14:38:59.95 |
-12:52:24.3 |
HIP 71559 |
13.06 |
| 2026-04-08 00:00 |
14:38:43.99 |
-12:51:18.0 |
HIP 71559 |
9.58 |
| 2026-04-08 12:00 |
14:38:27.89 |
-12:50:11.3 |
HIP 71559 |
6.73 |
| 2026-04-09 00:00 |
14:38:11.66 |
-12:49:04.0 |
HIP 71559 |
5.67 |
| 2026-04-09 12:00 |
14:37:55.31 |
-12:47:56.3 |
HIP 71559 |
7.29 |
| 2026-04-10 00:00 |
14:37:38.83 |
-12:46:48.1 |
HIP 71559 |
10.44 |
| 2026-04-10 12:00 |
14:37:22.22 |
-12:45:39.4 |
HIP 71559 |
14.16 |
| 2026-04-11 00:00 |
14:37:05.50 |
-12:44:30.3 |
HIP 71441 |
16.40 |
| 2026-04-11 12:00 |
14:36:48.66 |
-12:43:20.7 |
HIP 71441 |
14.01 |
| 2026-04-12 00:00 |
14:36:31.71 |
-12:42:10.8 |
HIP 71441 |
12.63 |
| 2026-04-12 12:00 |
14:36:14.64 |
-12:41:00.4 |
HIP 71441 |
12.65 |
| 2026-04-13 00:00 |
14:35:57.47 |
-12:39:49.6 |
HIP 71441 |
14.08 |
| 2026-04-13 12:00 |
14:35:40.20 |
-12:38:38.4 |
HIP 71441 |
16.59 |
| 2026-04-14 00:00 |
14:35:22.83 |
-12:37:26.9 |
HIP 71253 |
17.21 |
| 2026-04-14 12:00 |
14:35:05.36 |
-12:36:15.0 |
HIP 71253 |
12.81 |
| 2026-04-15 00:00 |
14:34:47.79 |
-12:35:02.8 |
HIP 71253 |
8.41 |
| 2026-04-15 12:00 |
14:34:30.14 |
-12:33:50.3 |
HIP 71253 |
4.11 |
| 2026-04-16 00:00 |
14:34:12.40 |
-12:32:37.5 |
HIP 71253 |
1.77 |