| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
P/2023 M2 (PANSTARRS) |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2023-07-25T07:27:49.250880Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2024-10-05T23:12:36Z |
| Obs used |
117 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
7.200 |
| K1 |
18.250 |
| PC |
- |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2023-09-01.0000000 |
| e |
0.36933815 |
| q (au) |
3.508349 |
| a (au) |
5.562964 |
| i (deg) |
19.725462 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
83.267905 |
| ω (w, deg) |
243.020623 |
| M (ma, deg) |
2.831128 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (7.606 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
7.606 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.500 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Residuals (Piecewise)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| Start (UTC) |
End (UTC) |
a |
b |
| 2023-07-25 |
2024-09-29 |
+22.4930 |
-12.377 |
log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-05-12 00:00 |
05:16:44.99 |
+23:35:32.3 |
HIP 24487 |
25.06 |
| 2026-05-12 12:00 |
05:17:08.33 |
+23:36:28.8 |
HIP 24665 |
24.70 |
| 2026-05-13 00:00 |
05:17:31.71 |
+23:37:25.1 |
HIP 24665 |
23.17 |
| 2026-05-13 12:00 |
05:17:55.15 |
+23:38:21.1 |
HIP 24665 |
22.87 |
| 2026-05-14 00:00 |
05:18:18.63 |
+23:39:17.0 |
HIP 24665 |
23.85 |
| 2026-05-14 12:00 |
05:18:42.15 |
+23:40:12.6 |
HIP 24665 |
25.97 |
| 2026-05-15 00:00 |
05:19:05.73 |
+23:41:08.1 |
HIP 24665 |
28.98 |
| 2026-05-15 12:00 |
05:19:29.34 |
+23:42:03.3 |
HIP 24665 |
32.65 |
| 2026-05-16 00:00 |
05:19:53.00 |
+23:42:58.3 |
HIP 24994 |
35.01 |
| 2026-05-16 12:00 |
05:20:16.70 |
+23:43:53.0 |
HIP 24994 |
31.80 |
| 2026-05-17 00:00 |
05:20:40.44 |
+23:44:47.6 |
HIP 24994 |
29.28 |
| 2026-05-17 12:00 |
05:21:04.22 |
+23:45:41.9 |
HIP 24994 |
27.63 |
| 2026-05-18 00:00 |
05:21:28.04 |
+23:46:36.0 |
HIP 24994 |
27.04 |
| 2026-05-18 12:00 |
05:21:51.90 |
+23:47:29.9 |
HIP 24994 |
27.56 |
| 2026-05-19 00:00 |
05:22:15.80 |
+23:48:23.6 |
HIP 24994 |
29.15 |
| 2026-05-19 12:00 |
05:22:39.73 |
+23:49:17.1 |
HIP 24994 |
31.65 |
| 2026-05-20 00:00 |
05:23:03.70 |
+23:50:10.3 |
HIP 25309 |
28.28 |
| 2026-05-20 12:00 |
05:23:27.71 |
+23:51:03.3 |
HIP 25306 |
23.91 |
| 2026-05-21 00:00 |
05:23:51.75 |
+23:51:56.1 |
HIP 25306 |
19.34 |
| 2026-05-21 12:00 |
05:24:15.82 |
+23:52:48.6 |
HIP 25306 |
15.44 |
| 2026-05-22 00:00 |
05:24:39.93 |
+23:53:40.9 |
HIP 25306 |
12.84 |
| 2026-05-22 12:00 |
05:25:04.07 |
+23:54:33.0 |
HIP 25306 |
12.39 |
| 2026-05-23 00:00 |
05:25:28.24 |
+23:55:24.9 |
HIP 25306 |
14.31 |
| 2026-05-23 12:00 |
05:25:52.44 |
+23:56:16.5 |
HIP 25306 |
17.85 |
| 2026-05-24 00:00 |
05:26:16.67 |
+23:57:07.9 |
HIP 25498 |
19.79 |
| 2026-05-24 12:00 |
05:26:40.93 |
+23:57:59.1 |
HIP 25498 |
16.17 |
| 2026-05-25 00:00 |
05:27:05.22 |
+23:58:50.1 |
HIP 25498 |
13.94 |
| 2026-05-25 12:00 |
05:27:29.54 |
+23:59:40.8 |
HIP 25498 |
13.79 |
| 2026-05-26 00:00 |
05:27:53.88 |
+24:00:31.3 |
HIP 25652 |
12.69 |
| 2026-05-26 12:00 |
05:28:18.25 |
+24:01:21.5 |
HIP 25652 |
7.78 |
| 2026-05-27 00:00 |
05:28:42.65 |
+24:02:11.5 |
HIP 25652 |
4.85 |
| 2026-05-27 12:00 |
05:29:07.07 |
+24:03:01.3 |
HIP 25652 |
7.07 |
| 2026-05-28 00:00 |
05:29:31.52 |
+24:03:50.9 |
HIP 25687 |
10.54 |
| 2026-05-28 12:00 |
05:29:55.99 |
+24:04:40.2 |
HIP 25687 |
13.71 |
| 2026-05-29 00:00 |
05:30:20.48 |
+24:05:29.3 |
HIP 25687 |
18.13 |
| 2026-05-29 12:00 |
05:30:44.99 |
+24:06:18.1 |
HIP 25761 |
22.86 |
| 2026-05-30 00:00 |
05:31:09.53 |
+24:07:06.8 |
HIP 25761 |
26.37 |
| 2026-05-30 12:00 |
05:31:34.09 |
+24:07:55.2 |
HIP 25761 |
30.54 |
| 2026-05-31 00:00 |
05:31:58.67 |
+24:08:43.3 |
HIP 25761 |
35.12 |
| 2026-05-31 12:00 |
05:32:23.27 |
+24:09:31.2 |
HIP 26062 |
32.13 |
| 2026-06-01 00:00 |
05:32:47.89 |
+24:10:18.9 |
HIP 26062 |
29.10 |
| 2026-06-01 12:00 |
05:33:12.52 |
+24:11:06.4 |
HIP 26201 |
26.10 |
| 2026-06-02 00:00 |
05:33:37.18 |
+24:11:53.6 |
HIP 26201 |
20.46 |