| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
P/2023 M2 (PANSTARRS) |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2023-07-25T07:27:49.250880Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2024-10-05T23:12:36Z |
| Obs used |
117 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
7.200 |
| K1 |
18.250 |
| PC |
- |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2023-09-01.0000000 |
| e |
0.36933815 |
| q (au) |
3.508349 |
| a (au) |
5.562964 |
| i (deg) |
19.725462 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
83.267905 |
| ω (w, deg) |
243.020623 |
| M (ma, deg) |
2.831128 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (7.606 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
7.606 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.500 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Residuals (Piecewise)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| Start (UTC) |
End (UTC) |
a |
b |
| 2023-07-25 |
2024-09-29 |
+22.4930 |
-12.377 |
log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-03-26 00:00 |
04:45:32.36 |
+21:55:41.9 |
HIP 22042 |
22.90 |
| 2026-03-26 12:00 |
04:45:47.71 |
+21:56:49.4 |
HIP 22042 |
26.27 |
| 2026-03-27 00:00 |
04:46:03.20 |
+21:57:56.9 |
HIP 22222 |
24.70 |
| 2026-03-27 12:00 |
04:46:18.81 |
+21:59:04.5 |
HIP 22222 |
22.41 |
| 2026-03-28 00:00 |
04:46:34.54 |
+22:00:12.0 |
HIP 22222 |
20.56 |
| 2026-03-28 12:00 |
04:46:50.39 |
+22:01:19.5 |
HIP 22291 |
18.83 |
| 2026-03-29 00:00 |
04:47:06.37 |
+22:02:27.0 |
HIP 22291 |
15.05 |
| 2026-03-29 12:00 |
04:47:22.46 |
+22:03:34.5 |
HIP 22291 |
11.32 |
| 2026-03-30 00:00 |
04:47:38.67 |
+22:04:41.9 |
HIP 22291 |
7.72 |
| 2026-03-30 12:00 |
04:47:55.00 |
+22:05:49.4 |
HIP 22291 |
4.67 |
| 2026-03-31 00:00 |
04:48:11.45 |
+22:06:56.8 |
HIP 22291 |
3.91 |
| 2026-03-31 12:00 |
04:48:28.02 |
+22:08:04.2 |
HIP 22291 |
6.37 |
| 2026-04-01 00:00 |
04:48:44.70 |
+22:09:11.5 |
HIP 22355 |
9.72 |
| 2026-04-01 12:00 |
04:49:01.49 |
+22:10:18.9 |
HIP 22355 |
9.42 |
| 2026-04-02 00:00 |
04:49:18.40 |
+22:11:26.2 |
HIP 22355 |
10.77 |
| 2026-04-02 12:00 |
04:49:35.42 |
+22:12:33.4 |
HIP 22355 |
13.31 |
| 2026-04-03 00:00 |
04:49:52.56 |
+22:13:40.6 |
HIP 22355 |
16.51 |
| 2026-04-03 12:00 |
04:50:09.80 |
+22:14:47.8 |
HIP 22443 |
18.66 |
| 2026-04-04 00:00 |
04:50:27.16 |
+22:15:54.9 |
HIP 22443 |
21.21 |
| 2026-04-04 12:00 |
04:50:44.62 |
+22:17:02.0 |
HIP 22443 |
24.23 |
| 2026-04-05 00:00 |
04:51:02.19 |
+22:18:09.0 |
HIP 22443 |
27.58 |
| 2026-04-05 12:00 |
04:51:19.88 |
+22:19:16.0 |
HIP 22715 |
24.77 |
| 2026-04-06 00:00 |
04:51:37.66 |
+22:20:22.9 |
HIP 22715 |
21.07 |
| 2026-04-06 12:00 |
04:51:55.56 |
+22:21:29.8 |
HIP 22715 |
17.60 |
| 2026-04-07 00:00 |
04:52:13.56 |
+22:22:36.6 |
HIP 22715 |
14.54 |
| 2026-04-07 12:00 |
04:52:31.66 |
+22:23:43.3 |
HIP 22715 |
12.26 |
| 2026-04-08 00:00 |
04:52:49.87 |
+22:24:50.0 |
HIP 22715 |
11.24 |
| 2026-04-08 12:00 |
04:53:08.18 |
+22:25:56.6 |
HIP 22715 |
11.84 |
| 2026-04-09 00:00 |
04:53:26.59 |
+22:27:03.1 |
HIP 22715 |
13.88 |
| 2026-04-09 12:00 |
04:53:45.11 |
+22:28:09.6 |
HIP 22715 |
16.86 |
| 2026-04-10 00:00 |
04:54:03.72 |
+22:29:15.9 |
HIP 22767 |
17.22 |
| 2026-04-10 12:00 |
04:54:22.43 |
+22:30:22.2 |
HIP 22767 |
17.39 |
| 2026-04-11 00:00 |
04:54:41.25 |
+22:31:28.4 |
HIP 22767 |
18.68 |
| 2026-04-11 12:00 |
04:55:00.16 |
+22:32:34.6 |
HIP 22935 |
15.47 |
| 2026-04-12 00:00 |
04:55:19.17 |
+22:33:40.6 |
HIP 22935 |
10.99 |
| 2026-04-12 12:00 |
04:55:38.27 |
+22:34:46.5 |
HIP 22935 |
6.54 |
| 2026-04-13 00:00 |
04:55:57.48 |
+22:35:52.4 |
HIP 22935 |
2.46 |
| 2026-04-13 12:00 |
04:56:16.77 |
+22:36:58.1 |
HIP 22935 |
3.33 |
| 2026-04-14 00:00 |
04:56:36.16 |
+22:38:03.8 |
HIP 22935 |
7.65 |
| 2026-04-14 12:00 |
04:56:55.64 |
+22:39:09.4 |
HIP 22935 |
12.20 |
| 2026-04-15 00:00 |
04:57:15.22 |
+22:40:14.8 |
HIP 22935 |
16.81 |
| 2026-04-15 12:00 |
04:57:34.89 |
+22:41:20.2 |
HIP 22935 |
21.45 |
| 2026-04-16 00:00 |
04:57:54.65 |
+22:42:25.4 |
HIP 22935 |
26.13 |