2I = C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)

Metadata

Parameter Value
Designation C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)
Type C
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 2019-12-08T13:16:05.885760Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2024-06-24T15:49:04Z
Obs used 964
NEO -
M1 13.800
K1 4.500
PC -
Discovery observation (MPC, UTC) 2019-08-30T01:03:19.872000Z
Discovery magnitude (MPC) 17.80 R
Discovery observatory (MPC) L51 · MARGO, Nauchnyi
Osculating Elements
Parameter Value
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 2020-01-05.0000000
e 3.35647578
q (au) 2.006521
a (au) -0.851492
i (deg) 44.052642
Ω (om, deg) 308.147729
ω (w, deg) 209.123686
M (ma, deg) 34.429470

Magnitude

2I = C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) · Magnitude (Full range)

Scatter + Global Linear

$$ M_a = (14.853 + 2.256\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

Model Parameters

Parameter Value
H0 14.853
n 2.256
gf 1.000
gb -0.706
k 0.800
δ90 10.000
Parameter Symbol Range Description
Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth H0 -5 to 20 Intrinsic brightness of the comet
Photometric slope parameter n 2 to 6 Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance
Forward scattering asymmetry factor gf 0.8 to 1 Degree of forward scattering
Backward scattering asymmetry factor gb -1 to -0.5 Degree of backward scattering
Partitioning coefficient k 0.8 to 1 Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions
Dust-to-gas brightness ratio δ90 1 to 10 Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission

Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160

Residuals (Piecewise)

$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$

Start (UTC) End (UTC) a b
2018-12-13 2019-12-08 +1.5408 -0.661
2019-12-08 2020-03-05 +1.5873 -0.696
2020-03-05 2020-09-30 +12.2394 -6.131

log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)

Ephemeris

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-03-26 00:00 18:11:40.95 -54:00:53.9 HIP 89125 14.48
2026-03-26 12:00 18:11:40.95 -54:01:12.5 HIP 89125 14.17
2026-03-27 00:00 18:11:40.91 -54:01:31.1 HIP 89125 13.87
2026-03-27 12:00 18:11:40.84 -54:01:49.8 HIP 89125 13.56
2026-03-28 00:00 18:11:40.72 -54:02:08.4 HIP 89125 13.25
2026-03-28 12:00 18:11:40.57 -54:02:27.0 HIP 89125 12.94
2026-03-29 00:00 18:11:40.38 -54:02:45.5 HIP 89125 12.64
2026-03-29 12:00 18:11:40.15 -54:03:04.1 HIP 89125 12.33
2026-03-30 00:00 18:11:39.88 -54:03:22.7 HIP 89125 12.01
2026-03-30 12:00 18:11:39.57 -54:03:41.2 HIP 89125 11.70
2026-03-31 00:00 18:11:39.23 -54:03:59.7 HIP 89125 11.39
2026-03-31 12:00 18:11:38.85 -54:04:18.2 HIP 89125 11.08
2026-04-01 00:00 18:11:38.43 -54:04:36.7 HIP 89125 10.76
2026-04-01 12:00 18:11:37.97 -54:04:55.2 HIP 89125 10.45
2026-04-02 00:00 18:11:37.47 -54:05:13.6 HIP 89125 10.13
2026-04-02 12:00 18:11:36.94 -54:05:32.1 HIP 89125 9.82
2026-04-03 00:00 18:11:36.36 -54:05:50.5 HIP 89125 9.50
2026-04-03 12:00 18:11:35.75 -54:06:08.8 HIP 89125 9.18
2026-04-04 00:00 18:11:35.10 -54:06:27.2 HIP 89125 8.86
2026-04-04 12:00 18:11:34.42 -54:06:45.5 HIP 89125 8.54
2026-04-05 00:00 18:11:33.69 -54:07:03.8 HIP 89125 8.22
2026-04-05 12:00 18:11:32.93 -54:07:22.0 HIP 89125 7.90
2026-04-06 00:00 18:11:32.13 -54:07:40.2 HIP 89125 7.58
2026-04-06 12:00 18:11:31.30 -54:07:58.4 HIP 89125 7.26
2026-04-07 00:00 18:11:30.42 -54:08:16.5 HIP 89125 6.94
2026-04-07 12:00 18:11:29.51 -54:08:34.6 HIP 89125 6.62
2026-04-08 00:00 18:11:28.56 -54:08:52.7 HIP 89125 6.31
2026-04-08 12:00 18:11:27.58 -54:09:10.7 HIP 89125 5.99
2026-04-09 00:00 18:11:26.56 -54:09:28.7 HIP 89125 5.67
2026-04-09 12:00 18:11:25.50 -54:09:46.6 HIP 89125 5.36
2026-04-10 00:00 18:11:24.40 -54:10:04.5 HIP 89125 5.05
2026-04-10 12:00 18:11:23.27 -54:10:22.4 HIP 89125 4.75
2026-04-11 00:00 18:11:22.09 -54:10:40.2 HIP 89125 4.45
2026-04-11 12:00 18:11:20.89 -54:10:57.9 HIP 89125 4.16
2026-04-12 00:00 18:11:19.64 -54:11:15.6 HIP 89125 3.89
2026-04-12 12:00 18:11:18.36 -54:11:33.2 HIP 89125 3.62
2026-04-13 00:00 18:11:17.05 -54:11:50.8 HIP 89125 3.37
2026-04-13 12:00 18:11:15.69 -54:12:08.3 HIP 89125 3.15
2026-04-14 00:00 18:11:14.30 -54:12:25.8 HIP 89125 2.95
2026-04-14 12:00 18:11:12.88 -54:12:43.2 HIP 89125 2.79
2026-04-15 00:00 18:11:11.41 -54:13:00.6 HIP 89125 2.67
2026-04-15 12:00 18:11:09.92 -54:13:17.8 HIP 89125 2.60
2026-04-16 00:00 18:11:08.38 -54:13:35.1 HIP 89125 2.58