| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/2014 U3 (Kowalski) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2014-09-02T20:08:26.016000Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2022-08-01T03:23:53Z |
| Obs used |
51 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
5.200 |
| K1 |
29.000 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2014-10-13.0000000 |
| e |
0.99332244 |
| q (au) |
2.555822 |
| a (au) |
382.748050 |
| i (deg) |
152.993159 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
163.558521 |
| ω (w, deg) |
51.065952 |
| M (ma, deg) |
0.005286 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (10.351 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
10.351 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.500 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-03-26 00:00 |
22:22:42.05 |
-17:16:42.8 |
HIP 110401 |
15.75 |
| 2026-03-26 12:00 |
22:22:45.45 |
-17:16:30.9 |
HIP 110401 |
16.39 |
| 2026-03-27 00:00 |
22:22:48.83 |
-17:16:19.2 |
HIP 110401 |
17.05 |
| 2026-03-27 12:00 |
22:22:52.20 |
-17:16:07.7 |
HIP 110401 |
17.72 |
| 2026-03-28 00:00 |
22:22:55.54 |
-17:15:56.4 |
HIP 110401 |
18.40 |
| 2026-03-28 12:00 |
22:22:58.87 |
-17:15:45.2 |
HIP 110401 |
19.09 |
| 2026-03-29 00:00 |
22:23:02.17 |
-17:15:34.1 |
HIP 110401 |
19.79 |
| 2026-03-29 12:00 |
22:23:05.46 |
-17:15:23.3 |
HIP 110401 |
20.48 |
| 2026-03-30 00:00 |
22:23:08.72 |
-17:15:12.6 |
HIP 110401 |
21.19 |
| 2026-03-30 12:00 |
22:23:11.96 |
-17:15:02.1 |
HIP 110401 |
21.89 |
| 2026-03-31 00:00 |
22:23:15.19 |
-17:14:51.7 |
HIP 110401 |
22.60 |
| 2026-03-31 12:00 |
22:23:18.39 |
-17:14:41.6 |
HIP 110401 |
23.31 |
| 2026-04-01 00:00 |
22:23:21.57 |
-17:14:31.6 |
HIP 110401 |
24.01 |
| 2026-04-01 12:00 |
22:23:24.73 |
-17:14:21.7 |
HIP 110401 |
24.72 |
| 2026-04-02 00:00 |
22:23:27.87 |
-17:14:12.1 |
HIP 110401 |
25.43 |
| 2026-04-02 12:00 |
22:23:30.98 |
-17:14:02.6 |
HIP 110401 |
26.13 |
| 2026-04-03 00:00 |
22:23:34.08 |
-17:13:53.3 |
HIP 110615 |
25.94 |
| 2026-04-03 12:00 |
22:23:37.15 |
-17:13:44.2 |
HIP 110615 |
25.67 |
| 2026-04-04 00:00 |
22:23:40.20 |
-17:13:35.2 |
HIP 110615 |
25.43 |
| 2026-04-04 12:00 |
22:23:43.22 |
-17:13:26.4 |
HIP 110615 |
25.20 |
| 2026-04-05 00:00 |
22:23:46.23 |
-17:13:17.8 |
HIP 110615 |
25.00 |
| 2026-04-05 12:00 |
22:23:49.21 |
-17:13:09.4 |
HIP 110615 |
24.81 |
| 2026-04-06 00:00 |
22:23:52.16 |
-17:13:01.2 |
HIP 110615 |
24.64 |
| 2026-04-06 12:00 |
22:23:55.10 |
-17:12:53.1 |
HIP 110615 |
24.49 |
| 2026-04-07 00:00 |
22:23:58.01 |
-17:12:45.3 |
HIP 110615 |
24.36 |
| 2026-04-07 12:00 |
22:24:00.89 |
-17:12:37.6 |
HIP 110615 |
24.25 |
| 2026-04-08 00:00 |
22:24:03.75 |
-17:12:30.1 |
HIP 110615 |
24.16 |
| 2026-04-08 12:00 |
22:24:06.59 |
-17:12:22.8 |
HIP 110615 |
24.09 |
| 2026-04-09 00:00 |
22:24:09.40 |
-17:12:15.7 |
HIP 110615 |
24.03 |
| 2026-04-09 12:00 |
22:24:12.19 |
-17:12:08.7 |
HIP 110615 |
23.99 |
| 2026-04-10 00:00 |
22:24:14.95 |
-17:12:02.0 |
HIP 110615 |
23.97 |
| 2026-04-10 12:00 |
22:24:17.69 |
-17:11:55.4 |
HIP 110615 |
23.97 |
| 2026-04-11 00:00 |
22:24:20.40 |
-17:11:49.1 |
HIP 110615 |
23.98 |
| 2026-04-11 12:00 |
22:24:23.08 |
-17:11:42.9 |
HIP 110615 |
24.00 |
| 2026-04-12 00:00 |
22:24:25.74 |
-17:11:36.9 |
HIP 110615 |
24.04 |
| 2026-04-12 12:00 |
22:24:28.38 |
-17:11:31.2 |
HIP 110615 |
24.10 |
| 2026-04-13 00:00 |
22:24:30.98 |
-17:11:25.6 |
HIP 110615 |
24.17 |
| 2026-04-13 12:00 |
22:24:33.56 |
-17:11:20.2 |
HIP 110615 |
24.25 |
| 2026-04-14 00:00 |
22:24:36.12 |
-17:11:15.0 |
HIP 110615 |
24.34 |
| 2026-04-14 12:00 |
22:24:38.64 |
-17:11:10.0 |
HIP 110615 |
24.45 |
| 2026-04-15 00:00 |
22:24:41.14 |
-17:11:05.2 |
HIP 110615 |
24.56 |
| 2026-04-15 12:00 |
22:24:43.61 |
-17:11:00.6 |
HIP 110615 |
24.69 |
| 2026-04-16 00:00 |
22:24:46.06 |
-17:10:56.2 |
HIP 110615 |
24.83 |