| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/2012 Q1 (Kowalski) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2012-02-09T09:27:09.711360Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2021-04-15T23:32:20Z |
| Obs used |
196 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
6.600 |
| K1 |
8.250 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2013-01-30.0000000 |
| e |
0.63712480 |
| q (au) |
9.482233 |
| a (au) |
26.130838 |
| i (deg) |
45.182651 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
184.437292 |
| ω (w, deg) |
139.242426 |
| M (ma, deg) |
2.623876 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (-1.358 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
-1.358 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.573 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-03-26 00:00 |
04:55:22.50 |
-20:01:22.8 |
HIP 22835 |
23.39 |
| 2026-03-26 12:00 |
04:55:25.52 |
-20:00:30.3 |
HIP 22835 |
24.46 |
| 2026-03-27 00:00 |
04:55:28.59 |
-19:59:38.0 |
HIP 22835 |
25.53 |
| 2026-03-27 12:00 |
04:55:31.69 |
-19:58:45.8 |
HIP 22835 |
26.61 |
| 2026-03-28 00:00 |
04:55:34.85 |
-19:57:53.7 |
HIP 22835 |
27.70 |
| 2026-03-28 12:00 |
04:55:38.04 |
-19:57:01.8 |
HIP 22835 |
28.79 |
| 2026-03-29 00:00 |
04:55:41.28 |
-19:56:10.1 |
HIP 22835 |
29.89 |
| 2026-03-29 12:00 |
04:55:44.56 |
-19:55:18.5 |
HIP 22835 |
30.99 |
| 2026-03-30 00:00 |
04:55:47.89 |
-19:54:27.1 |
HIP 22835 |
32.10 |
| 2026-03-30 12:00 |
04:55:51.25 |
-19:53:35.9 |
HIP 22835 |
33.21 |
| 2026-03-31 00:00 |
04:55:54.66 |
-19:52:44.8 |
HIP 22835 |
34.33 |
| 2026-03-31 12:00 |
04:55:58.11 |
-19:51:53.9 |
HIP 22835 |
35.46 |
| 2026-04-01 00:00 |
04:56:01.61 |
-19:51:03.2 |
HIP 22835 |
36.59 |
| 2026-04-01 12:00 |
04:56:05.14 |
-19:50:12.7 |
HIP 22835 |
37.72 |
| 2026-04-02 00:00 |
04:56:08.72 |
-19:49:22.4 |
HIP 22835 |
38.86 |
| 2026-04-02 12:00 |
04:56:12.34 |
-19:48:32.2 |
HIP 22835 |
40.01 |
| 2026-04-03 00:00 |
04:56:16.00 |
-19:47:42.2 |
HIP 22835 |
41.16 |
| 2026-04-03 12:00 |
04:56:19.70 |
-19:46:52.5 |
HIP 22835 |
42.31 |
| 2026-04-04 00:00 |
04:56:23.44 |
-19:46:02.9 |
HIP 22835 |
43.47 |
| 2026-04-04 12:00 |
04:56:27.23 |
-19:45:13.5 |
HIP 22750 |
44.35 |
| 2026-04-05 00:00 |
04:56:31.05 |
-19:44:24.4 |
HIP 22750 |
44.82 |
| 2026-04-05 12:00 |
04:56:34.91 |
-19:43:35.4 |
HIP 22750 |
45.33 |
| 2026-04-06 00:00 |
04:56:38.81 |
-19:42:46.6 |
HIP 22750 |
45.88 |
| 2026-04-06 12:00 |
04:56:42.75 |
-19:41:58.1 |
HIP 22750 |
46.46 |
| 2026-04-07 00:00 |
04:56:46.74 |
-19:41:09.8 |
HIP 22750 |
47.08 |
| 2026-04-07 12:00 |
04:56:50.76 |
-19:40:21.7 |
HIP 22750 |
47.73 |
| 2026-04-08 00:00 |
04:56:54.81 |
-19:39:33.8 |
HIP 22750 |
48.42 |
| 2026-04-08 12:00 |
04:56:58.91 |
-19:38:46.1 |
HIP 22750 |
49.14 |
| 2026-04-09 00:00 |
04:57:03.05 |
-19:37:58.7 |
HIP 22750 |
49.89 |
| 2026-04-09 12:00 |
04:57:07.22 |
-19:37:11.5 |
HIP 22750 |
50.66 |
| 2026-04-10 00:00 |
04:57:11.43 |
-19:36:24.5 |
HIP 22750 |
51.47 |
| 2026-04-10 12:00 |
04:57:15.68 |
-19:35:37.8 |
HIP 22750 |
52.30 |
| 2026-04-11 00:00 |
04:57:19.97 |
-19:34:51.3 |
HIP 22750 |
53.17 |
| 2026-04-11 12:00 |
04:57:24.30 |
-19:34:05.0 |
HIP 22750 |
54.05 |
| 2026-04-12 00:00 |
04:57:28.66 |
-19:33:19.0 |
HIP 22750 |
54.96 |
| 2026-04-12 12:00 |
04:57:33.06 |
-19:32:33.2 |
HIP 22750 |
55.90 |
| 2026-04-13 00:00 |
04:57:37.49 |
-19:31:47.7 |
HIP 22750 |
56.86 |
| 2026-04-13 12:00 |
04:57:41.96 |
-19:31:02.5 |
HIP 22750 |
57.84 |
| 2026-04-14 00:00 |
04:57:46.47 |
-19:30:17.5 |
HIP 23215 |
58.14 |
| 2026-04-14 12:00 |
04:57:51.01 |
-19:29:32.7 |
HIP 23215 |
56.97 |
| 2026-04-15 00:00 |
04:57:55.59 |
-19:28:48.3 |
HIP 23215 |
55.81 |
| 2026-04-15 12:00 |
04:58:00.20 |
-19:28:04.1 |
HIP 23215 |
54.65 |
| 2026-04-16 00:00 |
04:58:04.85 |
-19:27:20.1 |
HIP 23215 |
53.50 |