C/1999 J3 (LINEAR)
| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/1999 J3 (LINEAR) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
1999-09-20T04:00:17.066880Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2021-04-15T23:29:59Z |
| Obs used |
187 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
11.300 |
| K1 |
13.500 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
1999-09-08.0000000 |
| e |
0.99938639 |
| q (au) |
0.976809 |
| a (au) |
1591.905151 |
| i (deg) |
101.656036 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
228.978961 |
| ω (w, deg) |
161.980562 |
| M (ma, deg) |
359.999811 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (8.588 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
8.588 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
0.802 |
| gb |
-0.776 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
1.149 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Residuals (Piecewise)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| Start (UTC) |
End (UTC) |
a |
b |
| 1999-05-12 |
1999-06-07 |
+9.5605 |
-1.777 |
| 1999-06-07 |
1999-07-27 |
+9.4771 |
-1.595 |
| 1999-07-27 |
1999-08-14 |
+2.1422 |
-0.125 |
| 1999-08-14 |
1999-09-20 |
-2.6607 |
+0.207 |
| 1999-09-20 |
1999-10-26 |
-1.0781 |
+0.276 |
| 1999-10-26 |
1999-12-15 |
-12.2885 |
+0.481 |
| 1999-12-15 |
2000-02-28 |
+12.0852 |
-5.089 |
log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-02-03 00:00 |
14:58:23.47 |
-51:46:17.2 |
HIP 73270 |
4.15 |
| 2026-02-03 12:00 |
14:58:23.70 |
-51:46:37.6 |
HIP 73270 |
3.81 |
| 2026-02-04 00:00 |
14:58:23.89 |
-51:46:58.0 |
HIP 73270 |
3.48 |
| 2026-02-04 12:00 |
14:58:24.06 |
-51:47:18.3 |
HIP 73270 |
3.15 |
| 2026-02-05 00:00 |
14:58:24.18 |
-51:47:38.6 |
HIP 73270 |
2.82 |
| 2026-02-05 12:00 |
14:58:24.28 |
-51:47:58.8 |
HIP 73270 |
2.51 |
| 2026-02-06 00:00 |
14:58:24.34 |
-51:48:19.0 |
HIP 73270 |
2.20 |
| 2026-02-06 12:00 |
14:58:24.37 |
-51:48:39.0 |
HIP 73270 |
1.90 |
| 2026-02-07 00:00 |
14:58:24.36 |
-51:48:59.0 |
HIP 73270 |
1.63 |
| 2026-02-07 12:00 |
14:58:24.33 |
-51:49:19.0 |
HIP 73270 |
1.39 |
| 2026-02-08 00:00 |
14:58:24.26 |
-51:49:38.8 |
HIP 73270 |
1.19 |
| 2026-02-08 12:00 |
14:58:24.15 |
-51:49:58.6 |
HIP 73270 |
1.07 |
| 2026-02-09 00:00 |
14:58:24.01 |
-51:50:18.3 |
HIP 73270 |
1.05 |
| 2026-02-09 12:00 |
14:58:23.84 |
-51:50:37.9 |
HIP 73270 |
1.13 |
| 2026-02-10 00:00 |
14:58:23.64 |
-51:50:57.5 |
HIP 73270 |
1.30 |
| 2026-02-10 12:00 |
14:58:23.40 |
-51:51:16.9 |
HIP 73270 |
1.53 |
| 2026-02-11 00:00 |
14:58:23.13 |
-51:51:36.3 |
HIP 73270 |
1.78 |
| 2026-02-11 12:00 |
14:58:22.83 |
-51:51:55.6 |
HIP 73270 |
2.06 |
| 2026-02-12 00:00 |
14:58:22.49 |
-51:52:14.8 |
HIP 73270 |
2.35 |
| 2026-02-12 12:00 |
14:58:22.12 |
-51:52:33.9 |
HIP 73270 |
2.66 |
| 2026-02-13 00:00 |
14:58:21.72 |
-51:52:53.0 |
HIP 73270 |
2.96 |
| 2026-02-13 12:00 |
14:58:21.28 |
-51:53:11.9 |
HIP 73270 |
3.27 |
| 2026-02-14 00:00 |
14:58:20.81 |
-51:53:30.8 |
HIP 73270 |
3.59 |
| 2026-02-14 12:00 |
14:58:20.30 |
-51:53:49.5 |
HIP 73270 |
3.90 |
| 2026-02-15 00:00 |
14:58:19.77 |
-51:54:08.2 |
HIP 73270 |
4.22 |
| 2026-02-15 12:00 |
14:58:19.20 |
-51:54:26.7 |
HIP 73270 |
4.54 |
| 2026-02-16 00:00 |
14:58:18.59 |
-51:54:45.2 |
HIP 73270 |
4.86 |
| 2026-02-16 12:00 |
14:58:17.96 |
-51:55:03.5 |
HIP 73270 |
5.18 |
| 2026-02-17 00:00 |
14:58:17.29 |
-51:55:21.8 |
HIP 73270 |
5.50 |
| 2026-02-17 12:00 |
14:58:16.58 |
-51:55:39.9 |
HIP 73270 |
5.82 |
| 2026-02-18 00:00 |
14:58:15.85 |
-51:55:58.0 |
HIP 73270 |
6.14 |
| 2026-02-18 12:00 |
14:58:15.08 |
-51:56:15.9 |
HIP 73270 |
6.46 |
| 2026-02-19 00:00 |
14:58:14.27 |
-51:56:33.7 |
HIP 73270 |
6.79 |
| 2026-02-19 12:00 |
14:58:13.44 |
-51:56:51.4 |
HIP 73270 |
7.11 |
| 2026-02-20 00:00 |
14:58:12.57 |
-51:57:09.0 |
HIP 73270 |
7.43 |
| 2026-02-20 12:00 |
14:58:11.67 |
-51:57:26.5 |
HIP 73270 |
7.75 |
| 2026-02-21 00:00 |
14:58:10.73 |
-51:57:43.9 |
HIP 73270 |
8.08 |
| 2026-02-21 12:00 |
14:58:09.77 |
-51:58:01.1 |
HIP 73270 |
8.40 |
| 2026-02-22 00:00 |
14:58:08.77 |
-51:58:18.3 |
HIP 73270 |
8.72 |
| 2026-02-22 12:00 |
14:58:07.74 |
-51:58:35.3 |
HIP 73270 |
9.04 |
| 2026-02-23 00:00 |
14:58:06.67 |
-51:58:52.2 |
HIP 73270 |
9.37 |
| 2026-02-23 12:00 |
14:58:05.57 |
-51:59:09.0 |
HIP 73270 |
9.69 |
| 2026-02-24 00:00 |
14:58:04.45 |
-51:59:25.6 |
HIP 73270 |
10.02 |