C/1998 M4 (LINEAR)

Metadata

Parameter Value
Designation C/1998 M4 (LINEAR)
Type C
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 1997-12-10T02:48:12.064320Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2021-04-15T23:29:53Z
Obs used 116
NEO -
M1 9.500
K1 10.000
PC -
Osculating Elements
Parameter Value
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 1998-07-03.0000000
e 0.99738677
q (au) 2.600017
a (au) 994.943592
i (deg) 154.571097
Ω (om, deg) 92.922669
ω (w, deg) 106.286301
M (ma, deg) 0.006434

Magnitude

C/1998 M4 (LINEAR) · Magnitude (Full range)

Scatter + Global Linear

$$ M_a = (11.003 + 2.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

Model Parameters

Parameter Value
H0 11.003
n 2.000
gf 0.812
gb -0.935
k 1.000
δ90 2.331
Parameter Symbol Range Description
Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth H0 -5 to 20 Intrinsic brightness of the comet
Photometric slope parameter n 2 to 6 Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance
Forward scattering asymmetry factor gf 0.8 to 1 Degree of forward scattering
Backward scattering asymmetry factor gb -1 to -0.5 Degree of backward scattering
Partitioning coefficient k 0.8 to 1 Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions
Dust-to-gas brightness ratio δ90 1 to 10 Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission

Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160

Ephemeris

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-05-12 00:00 12:04:23.63 -28:22:39.4 HIP 58759 19.27
2026-05-12 12:00 12:04:21.89 -28:22:17.8 HIP 58759 18.78
2026-05-13 00:00 12:04:20.17 -28:21:56.2 HIP 58759 18.30
2026-05-13 12:00 12:04:18.46 -28:21:34.6 HIP 58759 17.82
2026-05-14 00:00 12:04:16.77 -28:21:13.0 HIP 58759 17.35
2026-05-14 12:00 12:04:15.09 -28:20:51.3 HIP 58759 16.88
2026-05-15 00:00 12:04:13.44 -28:20:29.7 HIP 58759 16.43
2026-05-15 12:00 12:04:11.80 -28:20:08.1 HIP 58759 15.98
2026-05-16 00:00 12:04:10.18 -28:19:46.5 HIP 58759 15.53
2026-05-16 12:00 12:04:08.58 -28:19:24.9 HIP 58759 15.10
2026-05-17 00:00 12:04:06.99 -28:19:03.3 HIP 58759 14.67
2026-05-17 12:00 12:04:05.43 -28:18:41.7 HIP 58759 14.25
2026-05-18 00:00 12:04:03.88 -28:18:20.1 HIP 58759 13.84
2026-05-18 12:00 12:04:02.35 -28:17:58.5 HIP 58759 13.44
2026-05-19 00:00 12:04:00.83 -28:17:37.0 HIP 58759 13.05
2026-05-19 12:00 12:03:59.34 -28:17:15.4 HIP 58759 12.67
2026-05-20 00:00 12:03:57.86 -28:16:53.9 HIP 58759 12.31
2026-05-20 12:00 12:03:56.41 -28:16:32.4 HIP 58759 11.95
2026-05-21 00:00 12:03:54.97 -28:16:11.0 HIP 58759 11.61
2026-05-21 12:00 12:03:53.55 -28:15:49.5 HIP 58759 11.28
2026-05-22 00:00 12:03:52.15 -28:15:28.1 HIP 58759 10.97
2026-05-22 12:00 12:03:50.77 -28:15:06.7 HIP 58759 10.68
2026-05-23 00:00 12:03:49.40 -28:14:45.3 HIP 58759 10.40
2026-05-23 12:00 12:03:48.06 -28:14:24.0 HIP 58759 10.13
2026-05-24 00:00 12:03:46.74 -28:14:02.7 HIP 58759 9.89
2026-05-24 12:00 12:03:45.43 -28:13:41.4 HIP 58759 9.67
2026-05-25 00:00 12:03:44.14 -28:13:20.2 HIP 58759 9.46
2026-05-25 12:00 12:03:42.88 -28:12:59.0 HIP 58759 9.28
2026-05-26 00:00 12:03:41.63 -28:12:37.8 HIP 58759 9.13
2026-05-26 12:00 12:03:40.40 -28:12:16.7 HIP 58759 8.99
2026-05-27 00:00 12:03:39.19 -28:11:55.6 HIP 58759 8.88
2026-05-27 12:00 12:03:38.00 -28:11:34.5 HIP 58759 8.79
2026-05-28 00:00 12:03:36.83 -28:11:13.5 HIP 58759 8.73
2026-05-28 12:00 12:03:35.68 -28:10:52.6 HIP 58759 8.69
2026-05-29 00:00 12:03:34.55 -28:10:31.7 HIP 58759 8.68
2026-05-29 12:00 12:03:33.44 -28:10:10.8 HIP 58759 8.69
2026-05-30 00:00 12:03:32.34 -28:09:50.0 HIP 58759 8.72
2026-05-30 12:00 12:03:31.27 -28:09:29.2 HIP 58759 8.78
2026-05-31 00:00 12:03:30.22 -28:09:08.5 HIP 58759 8.85
2026-05-31 12:00 12:03:29.19 -28:08:47.8 HIP 58759 8.95
2026-06-01 00:00 12:03:28.17 -28:08:27.2 HIP 58759 9.07
2026-06-01 12:00 12:03:27.18 -28:08:06.6 HIP 58759 9.21
2026-06-02 00:00 12:03:26.21 -28:07:46.1 HIP 58759 9.36