C/1998 M4 (LINEAR)

Metadata

Parameter Value
Designation C/1998 M4 (LINEAR)
Type C
Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) 1997-12-10T02:48:12.064320Z
Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) 2021-04-15T23:29:53Z
Obs used 116
NEO -
M1 9.500
K1 10.000
PC -
Osculating Elements
Parameter Value
Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) 1998-07-03.0000000
e 0.99738677
q (au) 2.600017
a (au) 994.943592
i (deg) 154.571097
Ω (om, deg) 92.922669
ω (w, deg) 106.286301
M (ma, deg) 0.006434

Magnitude

C/1998 M4 (LINEAR) · Magnitude (Full range)

Scatter + Global Linear

$$ M_a = (11.003 + 2.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta $$ $$ \theta = 180^\circ - \alpha $$ $$ \Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b) $$ $$ \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1 $$

Model Parameters

Parameter Value
H0 11.003
n 2.000
gf 0.812
gb -0.935
k 1.000
δ90 2.331
Parameter Symbol Range Description
Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth H0 -5 to 20 Intrinsic brightness of the comet
Photometric slope parameter n 2 to 6 Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance
Forward scattering asymmetry factor gf 0.8 to 1 Degree of forward scattering
Backward scattering asymmetry factor gb -1 to -0.5 Degree of backward scattering
Partitioning coefficient k 0.8 to 1 Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions
Dust-to-gas brightness ratio δ90 1 to 10 Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission

Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160

Ephemeris

Date/Time (UTC) RA (J2000) Dec (J2000) Nearest HIP Dist from HIP (arcmin)
2026-03-26 00:00 12:08:03.23 -28:52:21.0 HIP 59140 12.79
2026-03-26 12:00 12:08:00.56 -28:52:06.8 HIP 59140 12.76
2026-03-27 00:00 12:07:57.88 -28:51:52.5 HIP 59140 12.75
2026-03-27 12:00 12:07:55.21 -28:51:38.1 HIP 59140 12.78
2026-03-28 00:00 12:07:52.54 -28:51:23.5 HIP 59140 12.84
2026-03-28 12:00 12:07:49.87 -28:51:08.7 HIP 59140 12.94
2026-03-29 00:00 12:07:47.21 -28:50:53.9 HIP 59140 13.07
2026-03-29 12:00 12:07:44.54 -28:50:38.9 HIP 59140 13.23
2026-03-30 00:00 12:07:41.88 -28:50:23.7 HIP 59140 13.42
2026-03-30 12:00 12:07:39.22 -28:50:08.4 HIP 59140 13.64
2026-03-31 00:00 12:07:36.57 -28:49:53.0 HIP 59140 13.88
2026-03-31 12:00 12:07:33.92 -28:49:37.5 HIP 59140 14.16
2026-04-01 00:00 12:07:31.27 -28:49:21.8 HIP 59140 14.45
2026-04-01 12:00 12:07:28.63 -28:49:06.0 HIP 59140 14.78
2026-04-02 00:00 12:07:25.99 -28:48:50.0 HIP 59140 15.12
2026-04-02 12:00 12:07:23.36 -28:48:34.0 HIP 59140 15.48
2026-04-03 00:00 12:07:20.72 -28:48:17.8 HIP 59140 15.87
2026-04-03 12:00 12:07:18.10 -28:48:01.4 HIP 59140 16.27
2026-04-04 00:00 12:07:15.48 -28:47:45.0 HIP 59140 16.68
2026-04-04 12:00 12:07:12.86 -28:47:28.4 HIP 59140 17.12
2026-04-05 00:00 12:07:10.25 -28:47:11.7 HIP 59140 17.56
2026-04-05 12:00 12:07:07.64 -28:46:54.9 HIP 59140 18.02
2026-04-06 00:00 12:07:05.04 -28:46:38.0 HIP 59140 18.49
2026-04-06 12:00 12:07:02.44 -28:46:20.9 HIP 59140 18.97
2026-04-07 00:00 12:06:59.85 -28:46:03.8 HIP 59140 19.47
2026-04-07 12:00 12:06:57.27 -28:45:46.5 HIP 59140 19.97
2026-04-08 00:00 12:06:54.69 -28:45:29.1 HIP 59140 20.48
2026-04-08 12:00 12:06:52.12 -28:45:11.6 HIP 59140 20.99
2026-04-09 00:00 12:06:49.56 -28:44:53.9 HIP 58950 21.19
2026-04-09 12:00 12:06:47.00 -28:44:36.2 HIP 58950 20.61
2026-04-10 00:00 12:06:44.45 -28:44:18.4 HIP 58950 20.03
2026-04-10 12:00 12:06:41.90 -28:44:00.4 HIP 58950 19.46
2026-04-11 00:00 12:06:39.37 -28:43:42.3 HIP 58950 18.89
2026-04-11 12:00 12:06:36.84 -28:43:24.2 HIP 58950 18.33
2026-04-12 00:00 12:06:34.32 -28:43:05.9 HIP 58950 17.77
2026-04-12 12:00 12:06:31.80 -28:42:47.5 HIP 58950 17.22
2026-04-13 00:00 12:06:29.30 -28:42:29.1 HIP 58950 16.68
2026-04-13 12:00 12:06:26.80 -28:42:10.5 HIP 58950 16.14
2026-04-14 00:00 12:06:24.31 -28:41:51.8 HIP 58950 15.62
2026-04-14 12:00 12:06:21.83 -28:41:33.1 HIP 58950 15.10
2026-04-15 00:00 12:06:19.36 -28:41:14.2 HIP 58950 14.59
2026-04-15 12:00 12:06:16.89 -28:40:55.2 HIP 58950 14.10
2026-04-16 00:00 12:06:14.44 -28:40:36.2 HIP 58950 13.62