C/1997 L1 (Zhu-Balam)
| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/1997 L1 (Zhu-Balam) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
1996-11-22T20:49:19.153920Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2021-04-15T23:29:51Z |
| Obs used |
213 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
6.500 |
| K1 |
10.000 |
| PC |
- |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
1997-08-22.0000000 |
| e |
0.99797377 |
| q (au) |
4.899563 |
| a (au) |
2418.066374 |
| i (deg) |
72.991461 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
233.299834 |
| ω (w, deg) |
346.364690 |
| M (ma, deg) |
0.002256 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (2.899 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
2.899 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-1.000 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-02-03 00:00 |
00:15:19.98 |
+54:50:24.0 |
HIP 1329 |
15.98 |
| 2026-02-03 12:00 |
00:15:22.72 |
+54:50:05.8 |
HIP 1329 |
15.48 |
| 2026-02-04 00:00 |
00:15:25.48 |
+54:49:47.8 |
HIP 1329 |
14.99 |
| 2026-02-04 12:00 |
00:15:28.27 |
+54:49:30.0 |
HIP 1329 |
14.49 |
| 2026-02-05 00:00 |
00:15:31.08 |
+54:49:12.5 |
HIP 1329 |
13.99 |
| 2026-02-05 12:00 |
00:15:33.91 |
+54:48:55.1 |
HIP 1329 |
13.50 |
| 2026-02-06 00:00 |
00:15:36.77 |
+54:48:38.1 |
HIP 1329 |
13.01 |
| 2026-02-06 12:00 |
00:15:39.65 |
+54:48:21.2 |
HIP 1329 |
12.51 |
| 2026-02-07 00:00 |
00:15:42.56 |
+54:48:04.6 |
HIP 1329 |
12.02 |
| 2026-02-07 12:00 |
00:15:45.49 |
+54:47:48.2 |
HIP 1329 |
11.53 |
| 2026-02-08 00:00 |
00:15:48.44 |
+54:47:32.0 |
HIP 1329 |
11.04 |
| 2026-02-08 12:00 |
00:15:51.41 |
+54:47:16.1 |
HIP 1329 |
10.55 |
| 2026-02-09 00:00 |
00:15:54.41 |
+54:47:00.4 |
HIP 1329 |
10.06 |
| 2026-02-09 12:00 |
00:15:57.43 |
+54:46:44.9 |
HIP 1329 |
9.58 |
| 2026-02-10 00:00 |
00:16:00.47 |
+54:46:29.7 |
HIP 1329 |
9.10 |
| 2026-02-10 12:00 |
00:16:03.54 |
+54:46:14.7 |
HIP 1329 |
8.62 |
| 2026-02-11 00:00 |
00:16:06.62 |
+54:46:00.0 |
HIP 1329 |
8.15 |
| 2026-02-11 12:00 |
00:16:09.73 |
+54:45:45.5 |
HIP 1329 |
7.68 |
| 2026-02-12 00:00 |
00:16:12.86 |
+54:45:31.2 |
HIP 1329 |
7.23 |
| 2026-02-12 12:00 |
00:16:16.01 |
+54:45:17.2 |
HIP 1329 |
6.78 |
| 2026-02-13 00:00 |
00:16:19.18 |
+54:45:03.4 |
HIP 1329 |
6.34 |
| 2026-02-13 12:00 |
00:16:22.37 |
+54:44:49.9 |
HIP 1329 |
5.92 |
| 2026-02-14 00:00 |
00:16:25.58 |
+54:44:36.6 |
HIP 1329 |
5.51 |
| 2026-02-14 12:00 |
00:16:28.81 |
+54:44:23.5 |
HIP 1329 |
5.13 |
| 2026-02-15 00:00 |
00:16:32.07 |
+54:44:10.7 |
HIP 1329 |
4.77 |
| 2026-02-15 12:00 |
00:16:35.34 |
+54:43:58.2 |
HIP 1329 |
4.45 |
| 2026-02-16 00:00 |
00:16:38.63 |
+54:43:45.8 |
HIP 1329 |
4.18 |
| 2026-02-16 12:00 |
00:16:41.94 |
+54:43:33.8 |
HIP 1329 |
3.95 |
| 2026-02-17 00:00 |
00:16:45.27 |
+54:43:22.0 |
HIP 1329 |
3.79 |
| 2026-02-17 12:00 |
00:16:48.62 |
+54:43:10.4 |
HIP 1329 |
3.70 |
| 2026-02-18 00:00 |
00:16:51.98 |
+54:42:59.1 |
HIP 1329 |
3.69 |
| 2026-02-18 12:00 |
00:16:55.37 |
+54:42:48.0 |
HIP 1329 |
3.76 |
| 2026-02-19 00:00 |
00:16:58.77 |
+54:42:37.2 |
HIP 1329 |
3.90 |
| 2026-02-19 12:00 |
00:17:02.19 |
+54:42:26.6 |
HIP 1329 |
4.11 |
| 2026-02-20 00:00 |
00:17:05.63 |
+54:42:16.3 |
HIP 1329 |
4.37 |
| 2026-02-20 12:00 |
00:17:09.09 |
+54:42:06.2 |
HIP 1329 |
4.69 |
| 2026-02-21 00:00 |
00:17:12.56 |
+54:41:56.4 |
HIP 1329 |
5.04 |
| 2026-02-21 12:00 |
00:17:16.05 |
+54:41:46.9 |
HIP 1329 |
5.43 |
| 2026-02-22 00:00 |
00:17:19.56 |
+54:41:37.6 |
HIP 1329 |
5.84 |
| 2026-02-22 12:00 |
00:17:23.08 |
+54:41:28.5 |
HIP 1329 |
6.27 |
| 2026-02-23 00:00 |
00:17:26.62 |
+54:41:19.7 |
HIP 1329 |
6.72 |
| 2026-02-23 12:00 |
00:17:30.17 |
+54:41:11.2 |
HIP 1329 |
7.19 |
| 2026-02-24 00:00 |
00:17:33.74 |
+54:41:02.9 |
HIP 1329 |
7.67 |