| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
C/1995 Q1 (Bradfield) |
| Type |
C |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
1995-08-31T10:02:38.832000Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2021-04-15T23:29:47Z |
| Obs used |
156 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
9.600 |
| K1 |
16.500 |
| PC |
- |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
1995-10-23.0000000 |
| e |
0.99802567 |
| q (au) |
0.436387 |
| a (au) |
221.030541 |
| i (deg) |
147.394301 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
178.054729 |
| ω (w, deg) |
331.161810 |
| M (ma, deg) |
0.015771 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (7.436 + 4.304\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
7.436 |
| n |
4.304 |
| gf |
0.800 |
| gb |
-0.500 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
1.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Residuals (Piecewise)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| Start (UTC) |
End (UTC) |
a |
b |
| 1995-08-18 |
1995-08-30 |
-1.3532 |
+0.497 |
| 1995-09-23 |
1995-10-08 |
-3.7552 |
-0.310 |
| 1995-10-08 |
1995-10-17 |
+7.6437 |
-0.177 |
| 1995-10-17 |
1995-11-21 |
+1.5080 |
-0.252 |
| 1995-11-21 |
1995-12-13 |
+13.9429 |
-3.253 |
| 1995-12-13 |
1996-02-19 |
+6.5452 |
-1.275 |
log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-05-12 00:00 |
01:30:13.06 |
+30:14:28.0 |
HIP 6998 |
5.66 |
| 2026-05-12 12:00 |
01:30:15.12 |
+30:14:42.7 |
HIP 6998 |
6.03 |
| 2026-05-13 00:00 |
01:30:17.18 |
+30:14:57.4 |
HIP 6998 |
6.42 |
| 2026-05-13 12:00 |
01:30:19.23 |
+30:15:12.2 |
HIP 6998 |
6.82 |
| 2026-05-14 00:00 |
01:30:21.27 |
+30:15:27.0 |
HIP 6998 |
7.24 |
| 2026-05-14 12:00 |
01:30:23.30 |
+30:15:41.9 |
HIP 6998 |
7.67 |
| 2026-05-15 00:00 |
01:30:25.32 |
+30:15:56.8 |
HIP 6998 |
8.10 |
| 2026-05-15 12:00 |
01:30:27.33 |
+30:16:11.7 |
HIP 6998 |
8.54 |
| 2026-05-16 00:00 |
01:30:29.33 |
+30:16:26.7 |
HIP 6998 |
8.99 |
| 2026-05-16 12:00 |
01:30:31.32 |
+30:16:41.7 |
HIP 6998 |
9.45 |
| 2026-05-17 00:00 |
01:30:33.30 |
+30:16:56.8 |
HIP 6998 |
9.90 |
| 2026-05-17 12:00 |
01:30:35.27 |
+30:17:11.9 |
HIP 6998 |
10.36 |
| 2026-05-18 00:00 |
01:30:37.24 |
+30:17:27.0 |
HIP 6998 |
10.82 |
| 2026-05-18 12:00 |
01:30:39.19 |
+30:17:42.1 |
HIP 6998 |
11.28 |
| 2026-05-19 00:00 |
01:30:41.13 |
+30:17:57.3 |
HIP 6998 |
11.75 |
| 2026-05-19 12:00 |
01:30:43.06 |
+30:18:12.5 |
HIP 6998 |
12.21 |
| 2026-05-20 00:00 |
01:30:44.97 |
+30:18:27.7 |
HIP 6998 |
12.68 |
| 2026-05-20 12:00 |
01:30:46.88 |
+30:18:43.0 |
HIP 6998 |
13.14 |
| 2026-05-21 00:00 |
01:30:48.78 |
+30:18:58.3 |
HIP 6998 |
13.61 |
| 2026-05-21 12:00 |
01:30:50.66 |
+30:19:13.6 |
HIP 6998 |
14.07 |
| 2026-05-22 00:00 |
01:30:52.54 |
+30:19:28.9 |
HIP 6998 |
14.54 |
| 2026-05-22 12:00 |
01:30:54.40 |
+30:19:44.3 |
HIP 6998 |
15.00 |
| 2026-05-23 00:00 |
01:30:56.25 |
+30:19:59.6 |
HIP 6998 |
15.46 |
| 2026-05-23 12:00 |
01:30:58.09 |
+30:20:15.0 |
HIP 6998 |
15.92 |
| 2026-05-24 00:00 |
01:30:59.92 |
+30:20:30.5 |
HIP 6998 |
16.39 |
| 2026-05-24 12:00 |
01:31:01.73 |
+30:20:45.9 |
HIP 6998 |
16.85 |
| 2026-05-25 00:00 |
01:31:03.54 |
+30:21:01.3 |
HIP 6998 |
17.30 |
| 2026-05-25 12:00 |
01:31:05.33 |
+30:21:16.8 |
HIP 6998 |
17.76 |
| 2026-05-26 00:00 |
01:31:07.11 |
+30:21:32.3 |
HIP 7123 |
18.08 |
| 2026-05-26 12:00 |
01:31:08.87 |
+30:21:47.8 |
HIP 7123 |
17.68 |
| 2026-05-27 00:00 |
01:31:10.63 |
+30:22:03.3 |
HIP 7123 |
17.27 |
| 2026-05-27 12:00 |
01:31:12.37 |
+30:22:18.8 |
HIP 7123 |
16.88 |
| 2026-05-28 00:00 |
01:31:14.10 |
+30:22:34.4 |
HIP 7123 |
16.48 |
| 2026-05-28 12:00 |
01:31:15.81 |
+30:22:49.9 |
HIP 7123 |
16.09 |
| 2026-05-29 00:00 |
01:31:17.52 |
+30:23:05.5 |
HIP 7123 |
15.71 |
| 2026-05-29 12:00 |
01:31:19.21 |
+30:23:21.0 |
HIP 7123 |
15.32 |
| 2026-05-30 00:00 |
01:31:20.88 |
+30:23:36.6 |
HIP 7123 |
14.95 |
| 2026-05-30 12:00 |
01:31:22.55 |
+30:23:52.2 |
HIP 7123 |
14.58 |
| 2026-05-31 00:00 |
01:31:24.20 |
+30:24:07.7 |
HIP 7123 |
14.21 |
| 2026-05-31 12:00 |
01:31:25.83 |
+30:24:23.3 |
HIP 7123 |
13.85 |
| 2026-06-01 00:00 |
01:31:27.46 |
+30:24:38.9 |
HIP 7123 |
13.49 |
| 2026-06-01 12:00 |
01:31:29.06 |
+30:24:54.5 |
HIP 7123 |
13.14 |
| 2026-06-02 00:00 |
01:31:30.66 |
+30:25:10.1 |
HIP 7123 |
12.79 |