158P/Kowal-LINEAR
| Parameter |
Value |
| Designation |
158P/Kowal-LINEAR |
| Type |
P |
| Perihelion (tp_cal, UTC) |
2012-09-25T04:18:05.472000Z |
| Orbit solution date (soln_date, UTC) |
2025-02-13T09:13:06Z |
| Obs used |
1093 |
| NEO |
- |
| M1 |
7.100 |
| K1 |
13.750 |
| PC |
0.030 |
Osculating Elements
| Parameter |
Value |
| Epoch (epoch_cal, TDB) |
2012-07-12.0000000 |
| e |
0.03060860 |
| q (au) |
4.576459 |
| a (au) |
4.720961 |
| i (deg) |
7.907531 |
| Ω (om, deg) |
137.306066 |
| ω (w, deg) |
232.612379 |
| M (ma, deg) |
352.776355 |
Magnitude
Scatter + Global Linear
$$
M_a = (5.344 + 6.000\cdot 2.5\log_{10} r) + \epsilon - 2.5\log_{10}\Phi(\theta) + 5\log_{10}\Delta
$$
$$
\theta = 180^\circ - \alpha
$$
$$
\Phi(\theta) = \frac{\delta_{90} D(\theta) + 1}{\delta_{90} + 1},\quad D(\theta) = k\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_f) + (1-k)\cdot \Phi_{HG}(\theta; g_b)
$$
$$
\Phi_{HG}(\theta; g) = \left(\frac{1+g^2}{1+g^2-2g\cos\theta}\right)^{3/2},\quad \Phi_{HG}(90^\circ)=1
$$
Model Parameters
| Parameter |
Value |
| H0 |
5.344 |
| n |
6.000 |
| gf |
1.000 |
| gb |
-0.957 |
| k |
1.000 |
| δ90 |
10.000 |
| Parameter |
Symbol |
Range |
Description |
| Absolute magnitude at 1 AU from Sun and Earth |
H0 |
-5 to 20 |
Intrinsic brightness of the comet |
| Photometric slope parameter |
n |
2 to 6 |
Rate of brightness change with heliocentric distance |
| Forward scattering asymmetry factor |
gf |
0.8 to 1 |
Degree of forward scattering |
| Backward scattering asymmetry factor |
gb |
-1 to -0.5 |
Degree of backward scattering |
| Partitioning coefficient |
k |
0.8 to 1 |
Ratio between forward/backward scattering contributions |
| Dust-to-gas brightness ratio |
δ90 |
1 to 10 |
Relative contribution of dust scattering to gas emission |
Reference: EPSC-DPS2025-160
Residuals (Piecewise)
$$\epsilon = a \log_{10} r_{\mathrm{au}} + b$$
| Start (UTC) |
End (UTC) |
a |
b |
| 2018-02-14 |
2025-01-25 |
+18.3296 |
-12.712 |
log10 r = log10(heliocentric distance / AU), Δ = geocentric distance (AU)
Ephemeris
| Date/Time (UTC) |
RA (J2000) |
Dec (J2000) |
Nearest HIP |
Dist from HIP (arcmin) |
| 2026-02-03 00:00 |
06:05:33.47 |
+19:35:52.3 |
HIP 28979 |
21.10 |
| 2026-02-03 12:00 |
06:05:25.02 |
+19:36:25.7 |
HIP 28979 |
23.16 |
| 2026-02-04 00:00 |
06:05:16.73 |
+19:36:59.1 |
HIP 28979 |
25.18 |
| 2026-02-04 12:00 |
06:05:08.62 |
+19:37:32.5 |
HIP 28691 |
24.16 |
| 2026-02-05 00:00 |
06:05:00.67 |
+19:38:06.0 |
HIP 28691 |
22.22 |
| 2026-02-05 12:00 |
06:04:52.90 |
+19:38:39.5 |
HIP 28691 |
20.33 |
| 2026-02-06 00:00 |
06:04:45.30 |
+19:39:13.0 |
HIP 28691 |
18.48 |
| 2026-02-06 12:00 |
06:04:37.88 |
+19:39:46.5 |
HIP 28691 |
16.68 |
| 2026-02-07 00:00 |
06:04:30.62 |
+19:40:20.1 |
HIP 28691 |
14.93 |
| 2026-02-07 12:00 |
06:04:23.55 |
+19:40:53.7 |
HIP 28691 |
13.24 |
| 2026-02-08 00:00 |
06:04:16.65 |
+19:41:27.3 |
HIP 28691 |
11.60 |
| 2026-02-08 12:00 |
06:04:09.93 |
+19:42:00.9 |
HIP 28691 |
10.04 |
| 2026-02-09 00:00 |
06:04:03.38 |
+19:42:34.5 |
HIP 28691 |
8.55 |
| 2026-02-09 12:00 |
06:03:57.01 |
+19:43:08.2 |
HIP 28691 |
7.18 |
| 2026-02-10 00:00 |
06:03:50.83 |
+19:43:41.8 |
HIP 28691 |
5.97 |
| 2026-02-10 12:00 |
06:03:44.82 |
+19:44:15.5 |
HIP 28691 |
4.99 |
| 2026-02-11 00:00 |
06:03:39.00 |
+19:44:49.2 |
HIP 28691 |
4.35 |
| 2026-02-11 12:00 |
06:03:33.36 |
+19:45:22.9 |
HIP 28691 |
4.19 |
| 2026-02-12 00:00 |
06:03:27.90 |
+19:45:56.7 |
HIP 28691 |
4.51 |
| 2026-02-12 12:00 |
06:03:22.62 |
+19:46:30.4 |
HIP 28691 |
5.19 |
| 2026-02-13 00:00 |
06:03:17.53 |
+19:47:04.1 |
HIP 28691 |
6.09 |
| 2026-02-13 12:00 |
06:03:12.62 |
+19:47:37.9 |
HIP 28691 |
7.10 |
| 2026-02-14 00:00 |
06:03:07.90 |
+19:48:11.6 |
HIP 28691 |
8.16 |
| 2026-02-14 12:00 |
06:03:03.37 |
+19:48:45.4 |
HIP 28691 |
9.24 |
| 2026-02-15 00:00 |
06:02:59.02 |
+19:49:19.1 |
HIP 28691 |
10.32 |
| 2026-02-15 12:00 |
06:02:54.86 |
+19:49:52.9 |
HIP 28691 |
11.39 |
| 2026-02-16 00:00 |
06:02:50.89 |
+19:50:26.6 |
HIP 28691 |
12.44 |
| 2026-02-16 12:00 |
06:02:47.10 |
+19:51:00.4 |
HIP 28691 |
13.46 |
| 2026-02-17 00:00 |
06:02:43.51 |
+19:51:34.1 |
HIP 28691 |
14.46 |
| 2026-02-17 12:00 |
06:02:40.10 |
+19:52:07.9 |
HIP 28691 |
15.43 |
| 2026-02-18 00:00 |
06:02:36.88 |
+19:52:41.6 |
HIP 28691 |
16.36 |
| 2026-02-18 12:00 |
06:02:33.85 |
+19:53:15.3 |
HIP 28691 |
17.27 |
| 2026-02-19 00:00 |
06:02:31.02 |
+19:53:49.0 |
HIP 28691 |
18.14 |
| 2026-02-19 12:00 |
06:02:28.37 |
+19:54:22.7 |
HIP 28691 |
18.97 |
| 2026-02-20 00:00 |
06:02:25.91 |
+19:54:56.4 |
HIP 28691 |
19.78 |
| 2026-02-20 12:00 |
06:02:23.65 |
+19:55:30.0 |
HIP 28691 |
20.55 |
| 2026-02-21 00:00 |
06:02:21.57 |
+19:56:03.6 |
HIP 28691 |
21.29 |
| 2026-02-21 12:00 |
06:02:19.69 |
+19:56:37.3 |
HIP 28495 |
21.47 |
| 2026-02-22 00:00 |
06:02:18.00 |
+19:57:10.8 |
HIP 28495 |
21.32 |
| 2026-02-22 12:00 |
06:02:16.49 |
+19:57:44.4 |
HIP 28495 |
21.22 |
| 2026-02-23 00:00 |
06:02:15.18 |
+19:58:17.9 |
HIP 28495 |
21.18 |
| 2026-02-23 12:00 |
06:02:14.06 |
+19:58:51.4 |
HIP 28495 |
21.20 |
| 2026-02-24 00:00 |
06:02:13.14 |
+19:59:24.9 |
HIP 28495 |
21.28 |